INDEX impermeable

The guarded hot-plate method can be modified to perform dry and wet heat transfer testing (sweating skin model). Some plates contain simulated sweat glands and use a pumping mechanism to deUver water to the plate surface. Thermal comfort properties that can be deterrnined from this test are do, permeabihty index (/ ), and comfort limits. PermeabiUty index indicates moisture—heat permeabiUty through the fabric on a scale of 0 (completely impermeable) to 1 (completely permeable). This parameter indicates the effect of skin moisture on heat loss. Comfort limits are the predicted metaboHc activity levels that may be sustained while maintaining body thermal comfort in the test environment. 

Glaze coatings (58) are appHed to dry or bisque-fired clay ceramics to form a strong, impermeable surface that is aesthetically pleasing. Protective ceramic coatings can also be deposited by CVD (68,90). Plasma activated CVD has been used extensively to produce diamond and diamondlike films. Diamond films can also be used to make optical coatings with a tailored refractive index. 

Oxygen consumption provides an index of function that incorporates several parameters, including irmer membrane impermeability and OXPHOS integrity. 

If all three principal values are positive, the quadric surface is an ellipsoid with semiaxes a, = TfiVz, but if one or two of the principal values are negative the quadric surface is a hyperboloid. For example, the (relative) impermeability tensor 3 is defined by nfn, where k is the permittivity and n0 is the permittivity of free space. As for any symmetric 7(2) the components of 3 define the representation quadric I3ijxixj= 1, which here is called the indicatrix or optical index ellipsoid. Referred to principal axes the indicatrix is... 

Generally the linear approximation suffices, but, because the refractive index can be measured with considerable precision, the change in the impermeability tensor due to stress and electric field should be written as... 

A value for comparison between samples can be calculated, called the condensation index, Cl = (/0 — /) / 70 where I is fluorescence of the sample in the presence of TO-PRO-1 and 70 is flourescence of the DNA reference (17). Under conditions in which DNA is fully condensed, such as when bound to polylysine, the Cl index approaches 1.0. TO-PRO-1 is reported to be membrane impermeant therefore, the DNA could be protected from dye binding by the lipids and yet still not be condensed in the rigorous sense of the term (109-111). 

Textile auxiliary wall characteristics such as thermal resistance and water vapor permeability are presented in Table 19.3. Additionally, reference heat fluxmeter characteristics, ie, weight, thickness, and thermal resistance, are compared with the textile auxiliary walls. However, the impermeability and rigidity of the reference heat fluxmeter limit measuring the porosity, air permeability, and water vapor permeability index. 

Next we will introduce the optical dielectric impermeability tensor of a crystal. The coefficients (17, ) of this tensor depend on the distribution of bond charges in the material [15,71]. The 17, are found by taking the reciprocal of the relative permittivity or dielectric constant [71]. The 17, have been defined in terms of the refractive index of the crystal as [71]... 

Above examples produced selfocs with a radial gradient of refractive index. From a practical point of view, it is desirable to be able to create optical lenses with the gradient of refractive index in both at radial and axial directions [12, 60, 72]. These pnblications propose that such lenses can be produced use of an impermeable diffuser mask. This method is interesting in connection with the development of planar lens technology for microelectronic industry [12],... 

When the electric displacement component of light vibrates at right angles to the optic axis, regardless of direction, the ray is called ordinary. For those rays that vibrate parallel to the optic axis, extraordinary waves, the speed depends on the direction. The difference in refractive index between that of the ordinary wave, o, and the extraordinary wave, n, is the birefringence An. Birefringence is a measure of the phase difference between the ordinary and extraordinary waves. The relative impermeability of a material is given by... 

It is common knowledge that the refractive index (RI) in cylinder-shaped gradient elements does not ehange in the axial direction. At the same time, of special interest are gradient lenses possessing a RI gradient, in both the radial and axial directions [60]. Such lenses can be obtained by substance diffusion into the plate covered by a mask impermeable for diffusate [65]. The method seems to have potential for successful development of the planar technology in the microelectronics industry [107]. 

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