Optical index

It should be noted that Ve7 is equivalent to the well known optical index of refraction n. This value can thus be thought of as the microwave index of refraction in future discussion. 

If all three principal values are positive, the quadric surface is an ellipsoid with semiaxes a, = TfiVz, but if one or two of the principal values are negative the quadric surface is a hyperboloid. For example, the (relative) impermeability tensor 3 is defined by nfn, where k is the permittivity and n0 is the permittivity of free space. As for any symmetric 7(2) the components of 3 define the representation quadric I3ijxixj= 1, which here is called the indicatrix or optical index ellipsoid. Referred to principal axes the indicatrix is... 

The electrical signal propagates partly in air. This reduces the effective microwave index and brings it closer to the optical index. 

Fig. 1. Examples of the two common integrated optics waveguides used SHG in organic materials (a) slab waveguide, (b) channel waveguide. The dimensions along the confinement directions are typically a few optical wavelengths. The core optical index made from the polymer film is higher that the substrate ns. and cladding nc indices...

Finally, one can define an electric displacement vector D(co), along with three tensors, for the optical dielectric constant s(co), the effective optical susceptibility Xetti03) and the optical index of refraction n(co) ... 

Recently a new method for studying the relaxation around photo-excited centers in solids was reported by Straus and Walder 120). The authors observed the effect of the spatial relaxation of the matrix around the excited center in a condensed phase on the bulk optical index of refraction and used this information to derive the change in the equilibrium distance (i.e., AQ). For details the reader is referred to ref. 120. The experiments were performed on Mn + in water (i.e., on the aqua-complex [Mn(H20)e] ). No luminescence was observed. Since the... 

Inner craze struct. Very good local measurem. At the lateral face Average structure Average structure No, except optical index Vf... 

The first one is due to the fact that these profiles are optical thickness profiles, with unknown optical index in the craze. Hence, neither geometrical profiles T(x) nor fibril volume fraction Vf(x) distribution in the craze are known. Both are necessary to calculate absolute values of the craze surface stress. As discussed in reference under certain conditions, valid craze surface stresses may be... 

Figure 47 shows taken from Equation 20 versus Vj. It shows that S. is quite sensitive to Vp and is therefore a good means to evaluate v, with the numerical values of Fig. 47. It can be estimated that the tensile modulus E of the bulk PMMA is not affected by the very low pressure toluene gas environment during the short duration of the experiment. The optical craze index in PMMA in air without load is known as n = 1.32, which corresponds to v = 0.6. From the optical interferometry, it is known that the craze just before breakage is twice as thick as unloaded, (v, = 0.3) and hence using Lorentz-Lorenz equation its optical index is n = 1.15. From Figs. 46 and 47 it can be concluded that the bulk modulus around the propagating crack is about 4400 MPa, which is a somewhat high value, in view of the strain rates at a propagating crack tip (10 to s" ). Using the scatter displayed in Fig. 46, it can be concluded from Fig. 47 that the fibril volume fraction is constant, v = 0.3, within a scatter band of 0.08, and is therefore not sensitive to the toluene gas.

The optical Kerr effect, introduced in the preceding section through the third-order nonlinear susceptibility, results in the dependence of the complex optical index of the material on wave intensity, 7, as... 

Strong changes to the absorption spectra are also observed when the particles (after surface modihcation) are dispersed in ethanol/toluene mixtures of different concentrations. These mixtures cover a wide range of refractive indices (between 1.36 and 1.49), which allows optical index matching of the sihca shell with the solvent. As the refractive index of the solvent approaches that of silica, the scattering decreases dramatically, and the plasmon band of gold cores becomes more pronounced. In Figure 51.9 the peak position is compared for identical... 

Lambert, S., Thill, A., Ginestet, R, Audic, J.M. and Bottero, J.Y. (2000). Structural interpretations of static light scattering patterns of fractal aggregates I. Introduction of a mean optical index numerical simulations. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 228, 379-385. 

The optical index of refraction, n, of a material is a measure of the speed of light, given by n = c/vwhere c is the speed of light and v is the speed of light in the material. This property causes the direction of light to be bent or refracted when it encounters an interface between materials of different index. The refraction of light at such interfaces is governed by Snell s law... 

The buried heterostructure laser in Fig. 14b is designed so that the active region is completely surrounded by material which has a lower optical index and also a higher energy band gap. As a result of this two-dimensional index profile, the optical beam is tightly confined in both transverse and lateral directions to the direction of propagation. 

SE Optical index, absorption, porosity gradient Nondestructive (Pettersen et al. 1998 Wongmanerod etal. 2001)... 

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