INDEX epidemiology

In short-term renal toxicity studies in rats gavage administration of 1,1,2,2-tetra-chloroethane caused renal toxicity as evidenced by an increased renal tubule cell labeling index, indicating replicative DNA synthesis. In 2-year studies 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane administered by gavage produced an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas in mice but not in rats. In one epidemiological study of exposed army workers there was a slight increase in deaths due to genital cancer and leukemia. Exposure levels were not available,... 

Clinicians must learn to appreciate the value of toxicovigilance. This means that preventive activities for poisoning, such as education of the patient and family or peers, could be done. Informing responsible authorities of an index poisoning case could lead to better and concerted epidemiological investigations and perhaps lead to better health warnings and policy modifications. 

A.C. Pereira, B.H.W. Moreira, Analysis of three dental fluorosis indexes used in epidemiologic trials, Braz. Dent. J. 10 (1) (1999) 1-60. 

Assessment of Human Health Mixture RfD/RfC Hazard Quotient Hazard Index Dose-Response Modeling Cancer Slope Factors Epidemiological Measures Comparative Potency... 

The fatal effects of antidepressants in England, Scotland, and Wales during 1975-1984 and 1985-1989 have been compared in retrospective epidemiological studies (7,8). There were 24 deaths due to tranylcypromine, the fatality index for which was significantly higher than the mean for all antidepressants, while that for the other MAO inhibitors was lower. 

It is apparent that abnormally increased excretion of kynurenine metabolites after a test dose of tryptophan cannot necessarily be regarded as evidence of vitamin Bg deficiency. This means that the tryptophan load test is unreliable as an index of status in epidemiological studies, although it is (probably) reliable in depletion/repletion studies to determine requirements. 

National Center for Infectious Diseases. (2003b). Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity (ELC) for Infectious Diseases Cooperative Agreement Retrieved November 30, 2004, from http // www.cdc.gov/ncidod/osr/site/epiJab/index.htm... 

Johns Hopkins, Hospital Epidemiology and infection Control, http //www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heic/ bioterrorism/index.html... 

The Disease Facts section of the website of the UK Public Health Laboratory Service (http //www.phls.co.uk/facts/index.htm) is a valuable resource of contemporary background information on the prevalence and epidemiology of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance in the UK. 

Bodp ttatss index total body faf. This method is commonly used by nutrition researchers, especially in epidemiological surveys-... 

Coenzyme QIO is a powerful antioxidant naturally occurring in the mitochondria of myocardium, and it is an electron carrier in the mitochondrial synthesis of ATP. Patients with heart failure have lower myocardial levels of coenzyme QIO, but supplementation has been demonstrated to have variable benefits in randomized controlled trials. One meta-analysis on the use in congestive heart failure showed improvements in stroke volume, ejection fraction, cardiac output, cardiac index, and end diastolic volume index. " Another antioxidant associated with beneficial effects in cardiac patients is lycopene, a natural constituent of tomatoes. Lycopene is the major carotenoid found in human serum, and epidemiological studies have indicated an effect of dietary supplementation in reducing heart disease. Few dietary interventions have been reported one study showed a mild but significant hypocholesterolemic effect, and another showed a significant reduction in LDL oxidation. " Animal studies show an antiatherogenic effect of DHEA, and a review of the clinical trials and studies on DHEA in males with coronary heart disease reported a favorable or neutral effect. Plasma levels of DHEA are decreased in patients with chronic heart failure in proportion to its severity. ... 

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