INDEX environmental degradation

Doi R, Sakurai K (2004) Principal components derived from soil physicochemical data explained a land degradation gradient, and suggested the applicability of new indexes for estimation of soil productivity in the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand. Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol... 

Since the publication of the third edition, additional data have been critically reviewed. New or additional data included in this edition are bioconcentration factors, aquatic mammalian toxicity values, degradation rates, corresponding half-lives in various environmental compartments, ionization potentials, aqueous solubility of miscellaneous compounds, Henry s law constants, biological, chemical, and theoretical oxygen demand values for various organic compounds. Five additional tables have been added Test Method Number Index, Dielectric Values of Earth Materials and Fluids, Lowest Odor Threshold Concentrations of Organic Compoimds in Water, and Lowest Threshold Concentrations of Organic Compounds in Water. 

Materials Degradation Effects. Virtually all of the effects of S02 on materials are associated with its dissolution in surface moisture as the primary mechanism of deposition (19). Thus an appropriate environmental index for materials damage should include not only the average ambient S02 concentration but also a measure of the portion of time that the material surfaces are wet and thus receptive to S02 deposition. Sulfur in the atmosphere has an additional adverse affect on some materials through acidification of precipitation however, for both "dry" deposition of S02 and impact by acid precipitation, the primary damage mode is attack by dilute acids. 

Environmentally friendly, bio-based flame retardant epoxy resins have been reported from a di-epoxy fatty compound, 10-[2, 5 -bis(9-oxiranyl-nonayloxy) phenyl]-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-l 0-oxide (Rg. 7.5a) and epoxidised 10-undecenoyl triglyceride and epoxidised methyl-3, 4, 5-tris(10-undecenoyloxy)benzoate (Hg. 7.5b and c). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of the cured products indicate good flame retardant behaviour owing to the formation of a protective phosphorous-rich layer which slows down degradation and protected the products. 

The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a crucial environmental index for determining the relative oxygen requirements of wastewater, effluents, and polluted water. It refers to the quantity of oxygen required by bacteria and other microorganisms in the biochemical degradation and transformation of organic matter under aerobic conditions. The BOD... 

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