Inconel steel

Zinc oxide in solid or fine particle form is kept in a reactor cavity that is subjected to irradiation from solar concentrators [92], The dissociation products are zinc (vapor) and oxygen for this first reaction AG=0 at about 2235K [91], The reactor is made of materials like inconel steel, zirconia, silicon carbide or graphite [68,89,92], The graphite is used in special designs to avoid direct contact with chemical species [68], The dissociation products are then cooled rapidly to separate zinc and oxygen, transporting the... 

The operating conditions are also more severe. As a rule, the temperature and pressure are higher (230 to 300°C, 03 to 13.10 Pa absolute). This results in greater corrosion problems, requiring the use of high-alloy or Inconel steel tubes, and nickel-coated distribution boxes, while the shell continues to be built of carbon steeL... 

It is extensively used for making stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys such as Invar(R), Monel(R), Inconel(R), and the Hastelloys(R). Tubing made of copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water. 

Stainless steel alloys show exceUent corrosion resistance to HCl gas up to a temperature of 400°C. However, these are normally not recommended for process equipment owing to stress corrosion cracking during periods of cooling and shut down. The corrosion rate of Monel is similar to that of mild steel. Pure (99.6%) nickel and high nickel alloys such as Inconel 600 can be used for operation at temperatures up to 525°C where the corrosion rate is reported to be about 0.08 cm/yr (see Nickel and nickel alloys). 

Porous parts and bearings are made by both the press and sinter techniques, whereas filters are made by loose powder sintering. The metals most commonly used for P/M porous products are bron2e, stainless steel (type 316), nickel-base alloys (Monel, Inconel, nickel), titanium, and aluminum. 

Corrosivity. Anhydrous hydrogen sulfide has a low general corrosivity toward carbon steel, aluminum. Inconel, Stehite, and 300-series stainless steels at moderate temperatures. Temperatures greater than ca 260°C can produce severe sulfidation of carbon steel. Alternative candidates for hydrogen... 

Iron, steel, nickel, copper—nickel alloys, and Inconel Ni—Cr—Fe are satisfactory for dry or hot sulfur dioxide, but are readily corroded below the dew... 

Carbon steel Sch. 40 Fiberglass reinforced polyester Fiberglass reinforced vinylester Glass pipe Aluminum Sch. 40 304 stainless steel Sch. 5 Saran-lined steel Polypropylene- lined steel Rubber-linedsteel Sch. 40 316 stainless steel Sch. 5 304 stainless steel Sch. 40 Kynar-Ifned steel 316 stainless steel Sch. 40 Alloy 20 Sch. 5 FEP Teflon-lined steel PFA Teflon-lined steel Armored-glass pipe PTFE Teflon-lined steel Monel 400 Sch. 5 Nickel 200 Sch. 5 Alloy 20 Sch. 40 Monel 400 Sch. 40 Inconel 600 Sch. 5 Titanium Sch. 5 Nickel 200 Sch. 40 Titanium Sch. 40 Inconel 600 Sch. 40 Glass-lined steel Sch. 40 Hastelloy C-276 Sch. 5 Zirconium Sch. 5 Hastelloy B Sch. 5 Zirconium Sch. 40 Hastelloy C-276 Sch. 40 Hastelloy B Sch. 40 Tantalum-lined steel Sch. 5 Tantalum-lined steel Sch. 40... 

FIG. 10-184 Cost of shop-fabricated tanks in mid-1980 with V4-in walls. Multiplying factors on carbon steel costs for other materials are carbon steel, 1.0 mbber-lined carbon steel, 1.5 alnminnm, 1.6 glass-lined carbon steel, 4.5 and fiber-reinforced plastic, 0.75 to 1.5. Multiplying factors on type 316 stainless-steel costs for other materials are 316 stainless steel, 1.0 Monel, 2.0 Inconel, 2.0 nickel, 2.0 titanium, 3.2 and Hastelloy C, 3.8. Multiplying factors for wall thicknesses different from V4 in are ... 

Carbon steel and alloy combinations appear in Table 11-12 Alloys in chemical- and petrochemical-plant sei vice in approximate order of use are stainless-steel series 300, nickel. Monel, copper alloy, aluminum, Inconel, stainless-steel series 400, and other alloys. In petroleum-refinery sei vice the frequency order shifts, with copper alloy (for water-cooled units) in first place and low-alloy steel in second place. In some segments of the petroleum industiy copper alloy, stainless series 400, low-alloy steel, and aluminum are becoming the most commonly used alloys. 

Clad tube eets in service with carbon steel backer material include stainless-steel types 304, 304L, 316, 316L, and 317, Monel, Inconel, nickel, naval rolled brass, copper, admiralty, silicon bronze, and titanium. Naval rolled brass and Monel clad on stainless steel are also in service. 

Inconel <65°C. Glass-lined equipment. Iron and steel at ordinary temperatures ... 

Inconel, stainless steel, copper and glass -Hastelloy C-line equipment Any common metal for normal temperatures. 

Copper or glass-lined equipment for carbonyl in the presence of carbon monoxide Most common metals for dry gas. For moist gas use 18 8 stainless steel, PTFE Any common metal Most common metals for dry gas. For moist gas use 18 8 stainless steel Nickel and Monel are preferred. Steel, copper and glass are acceptable at ordinary temperatures Steel for dry gas otherwise use 18 8 stainless steel Nickel, Monel and Inconel. For moist gas tantalum is suitable Most common metals Cast iron and stainless steel <120°C, steel <175°C, Inconel, nickel and platinum <400°C Most common metals... 

Many applications of novolacs are found in the electronics industry. Examples include microchip module packaging, circuit board adhesives, and photoresists for microchip etching. These applications are very sensitive to trace metal contamination. Therefore the applicable novolacs have stringent metal-content specifications, often in the low ppb range. Low level restrictions may also be applied to free phenol, acid, moisture, and other monomers. There is often a strong interaction between the monomers and catalysts chosen and attainment of low metals levels. These requirements, in combination with the high temperature requirements mentioned above, often dictate special materials be used for reactor vessel construction. Whereas many resoles can be processed in mild steel reactors, novolacs require special alloys (e.g. Inconel ), titanium, or glass for contact surfaces. These materials are very expensive and most have associated maintenance problems as well. 

If provided, thermocouples shall be protected by inconel sheathing and shall terminate in a steel or cast iron juntion box located four (4) feet above grade at the base of the flare stack. 

The most common disc materials are aluminum, monel, inconel, and stainless steel, but other materials or coatings, such as carbon, gold and plastic, are available. 

Metals usually used are stainless steel, nickel, monel, inconel, high nickel alloys, and special designs for unique services. 

Practically all metals that can be worked into thin sheets, including lead, Monel, nickel, aluminum, silver, Inconel, 18-8 stainless steel, platinum, copper, Hastelloy and others. 

Asbestos-reinforced stainless steel or Inconel Copper mesh Alumina silica filament Inconel reinforced... 

Streicher has studied various stainless steels, Inconels, Hastelloys and pure metals such as Ni, Mo, Ti, Ta and Nb using an artificial crevice (Fig. 1.49c to e) that gives rise to three different types of crevice conditions. In order to accelerate attack a 10% FeClj solution (pH 1-6) at 50°C was used and attack was found to occur within 24 h on all susceptible alloys, whereas it could take up to 4 months when the surface was free from a crevice. A stainless steel (SP-2 Fe-18Cr-10Ni-2-5Mo-2-5Si) was found to be most resistant to attack, whereas all other stainless steels (Including the molybdenum-containing alloys) failed. 

Gold, Monel, Inconel, nickel-moly- bdenum alloys Cupronickels silver solder. Copper Steel... 

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