Incidence variety

Now we want to describe the incidence variety A(N) C Pjv x G(l, N) more precisely. We have the projections... 

The matrix of a structure with n atoms consists of an array of n / u entries. A molecule with its different atoms and bond types can be represented in matrix form in different ways depending on wbat kind of entries are chosen for the atoms and bonds. Thus, a variety of matrices has been proposed adjacency, distance, incidence, bond, and bond-electron matrices. 

Gloss, or surface luster, is the property of a surface to reflect light specularly. It is associated with such phenomena as shininess, highlight, and reflected images. The gloss of paper is usually quantified with a spectrophotometer which measures light at a variety of angles of incidence and reflection. 

The relation between the columnar inclination angle (P) and the angle of incidence (a of the evaporation flux was found to be 2tan/5 = tana (45). The so-called tangent rule is not always vafld in a variety of experimental situations. 

Molybdenum, recognized as an essential trace element for plants, animals, and most bacteria, is present in a variety of metaHo enzymes (44—46). Indeed, the absence of Mo, and in particular its co-factor, in humans leads to severe debility or early death (47,48). Molybdenum in the diet has been impHcated as having a role in lowering the incidence of dental caries and in the prevention of certain cancers (49,50). To aid the growth of plants. Mo has been used as a fertilizer and as a coating for legume seeds (51,52) (see FERTILIZERS Mineral NUTRIENTS). 

Ethylene oxide has been shown to produce mutagenic and cytogenic effects in a variety of test systems (226). An increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of monkey exposed to ethylene oxide for 104 weeks has been reported (240). In mice, it is an effective inducer of chromosome breaks leading to dominant-lethal mutations. In addition, ethylene oxide has been shown to induce heritable effects in the heritable translocation test conducted in mice exposed to ethylene oxide by inhalation (241,242). In this study, male mice were exposed to ethylene oxide ranging from 165 to 300 ppm for 6 h per day 5 or 7 days/week for 8.5 weeks. Ethylene oxide has also been shown to bind to proteins (243) as well as to DNA (244). Several studies on ethylene oxide-exposed workers have demonstrated an increased incidence of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges the relevance of such effects to human health evaluation is currendy uncertain. 

There are at least a couple of conclusions we should draw from this example. If you are going to use safety alerts, even though your intentions are honorable, you may offend the injured party, the folks who took part in the investigation, and others. Be prepared for the fall-out. Also, keep in mind that you need to talk the talk and walk the walk. If an incident occurs and a corrective action is indicated, it behooves you to implement some level of corrective action. If you do not implement a sound corrective action, your company likely has an ineffective safety program to go along with a variety of outstanding lawsuits. 

Conventional TNT-equivalency methods state a proportional relationship between the total quantity of flammable material released or present in the cloud (whether or not mixed within flammability limits) and an equivalent weight of TNT expressing the cloud s explosive power. The value of the proportionality factor—called TNT equivalency, yield factor, or efficiency factor—is directly deduced from damage patterns observed in a large number of major vapor cloud explosion incidents. Over the years, many authorities and companies have developed their own practices for estimating the quantity of flammable material in a cloud, as well as for prescribing values for equivalency, or yield factor. Hence, a survey of the literature reveals a variety of methods. 

In addition to the proactive uses of the SRK model described in the two previous sections, it can also be employed retrospectively as a means of identifying the underlying causes of incidents attributed to human error. This is a particularly useful application, since causal analyses can be used to identify recurrent vmderlying problems which may be responsible for errors which at a surface level are very different. It has already been indicated in Section 2.4.1 that the same observable error can arise from a variety of alternative causes. In this section it will be shown how several of the concepts discussed up to this point can be combined to provide a powerful analytical framework that can be used to identify the root causes of incidents. 

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