In the Northwestern Atlantic

Figure 8, A detailed profile of calcite and aragonite saturation states and sediment marker depth in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, (Percentages are estimates of the amount of calcite dissolution which must occur to produce a given marker level.)...

Huizenga, D. L., and D. R. Kester (1983), The Distribution of Total and Electrochemi-cally Available Copper in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Chem. 13,281-291. 

Fig. 1. Research catamaran during 1997 Coastal Ocean Processes experiment. The catamaran is shown here after deployment from R/V Oceanus in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean. The platform is manoeuvred autonomously and is controlled remotely from the ship. During this experiment, the catamaran was equipped to measure long and short wave spectra, sub-surface turbulence, chemical enrichment, and various meteorological parameters. A system to measure vertical profiles of dimethylsulfide above the ocean surface was also incorporated into the catamaran measurement suite...

Figure 2 Distribution of the genus Pseudopterogorgia in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean (top) and in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean (bottom). Based in part on information provided by G. C. Williams J. S. Vennam, Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash. 2001, 10, 71-95.

Fig. 6. Indirect comparison of depth-averaged TOC concentrations measured in the northwestern Atlantic with different oxidation methods (MacKinnon, 1978). A, Menzel (1970), persulfate oxidation a, MacKinnon (1978), dry oxidation A, Sharp (1973b), direct injection o, Skopintsev et al. (1966), dry oxidation , Gordon and Sutcliffe (1973), dry oxidation.

P002 drawdown based on seasonal differences in Pco2 concentrations in reference year 1995, corrected for temperature effects. This drawdown reflects the degree of biological utilization of CO2. Values exceeding 150 ji,atm (yellow-orange-red) are observed in the northwestern subarctic Pacific and Atlantic, the eastern equatorial Pacific, the northwestern Arabian Sea, and the Ross Sea. 

Lohrenz, S. E., Knauer, G. A., Asper, V. L., Tuel, M., Michaels, A. F., and Knap, A. H. (1992). Seasonal and interannua] variabflity in primary production and particle flux in the northwestern Sargasso Sea US JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic time series Study. Deep-Sea Res. 39, 1373—1391. 

Most petrels and shearwaters nest on isolated islands in the southern oceans, some as far south as Antarctica. Several species, however, breed in Hawaii, the northwestern United States (including Alaska), Maine, and Canada. These birds frequently range far from their birthplace, covering thousands of miles in an endless search for food. The greater shearwater, for example, nests on the Tristan da Cunha islands in the South Atlantic Ocean but may be found in the North Atlantic from Florida to Newfoundland during the northern summer. Other species may spend months circumnavigating the Pacific. 

Steimle FW, Boehm PD, Zdanowicz VS, et al. 1986. Organic and trace metal levels in ocean quahog Arctica islandica from the northwestern Atlantic. U.S. Nat Mar Fish Serv Fish Bull, 84(1) 133-140. 

Andrews, J. T., and K. Tedesco, 1992. Detrital carbonate-rich sediments, northwestern Labrador Sea Implications for ice-sheet dynamics and iceberg rafting (Heinrich) events in the North Atlantic, Geology, 20,1087-1090. 

Sarin MM, Kim G, Church TM (1999) °Po and °Pb in the South-equatorial Atlantic distribution and disequilibrium in the upper 500 m. Deep-Sea Res II 46 907-917 Schmidt S, Andersen V, Belviso S, Marty JC (2002) Strong seasonahty in particle dynamics of northwestern Mediterranean surface waters as revealed by " Th/ U. Deep-Sea Res 149 1507-1518 Shimmield GB, Ritchie GD, Fileman TW (1995) The impact of marginal ice zone processes on the distribution of °Pb, °Po and " Th and implications for new production in the Bellinghausen Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res II 42 1313-1335... 

Focusing on the distribution of marine invertebrates, the seas can be divided into eleven zones (Fig. 7.1.II, George 1979). Four of these are exclusively coastal zones the Mediterranean (the geographical Mediterranean basin and the coastal areas and islands from northwestern France to the middle of Angola in the Atlantic), Caribbean (from South Carolina to Sao Paulo in Brazil, including the geographical Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico), Panamanian (coastal zones from southern... 

Figure 8 Summary of the ratio of CaCOs dissolved and organic material oxidized for bottom chamber deployments in the northeastern Pacific, Ontong-Java Plateau, Ceara Rise, Cape Verde Plateau, northwestern Atlantic continental rise and California borderland basins (R. A. Jahnke and D. B. Jahnke, 2002). The absence of measurable alkalinity fluxes from high-CaCOs sites bathed in supersaturated bottom water appears to be inconsistent with observations...

The sea-salt effect, which has been considered only as an episodic process, may also operate over decadal periods related to the NAO. The NAO is derived from the atmospheric pressure difference between the Azores and Iceland, and strongly affects winter temperatures and precipitation in regions bordering the North Atlantic (Hurrell, 1995 Jones et al., 2001). High winter NAO index values are associated with wet and warm, frontally dominated winter weather in northwestern Europe. Such periods coincide with more marine salt input and increasing chloride concentrations (Evans et al., 2001c). 

Between 1922 and 1948, the Republic of Ireland emerged from union with the United Kingdom as of a series of quasi-independent states, including the Irish Free State and Eire. The Republic is located on the northwestern fringe of Europe in the Atlantic Ocean and covers 27,136 square miles. Its population in 1991 was 3.5 million. The climate is mild, due to the moderating influence of the prevailing warm, moist winds from the Atlantic. The mean winter temperature is approximately 14° C higher than that of places at the same latitude in the interior of Europe the mean summer temperature is approximately 4° C lower. 

Lyme disease is named after Lyme, Connecticut, where it was first identified in the late 1970s as the result of an investigation of a cluster of children with arthritis. The disease has now been found nationwide although it is mostly localized to the northeast, mid-Atlantic, and upper north-central regions of the United States. However, it has also been found in several northwestern counties of California. In 1999, over 16 000 cases were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and over 90% of these occurred in northeastern, mid-Atlantic, and north-central states. The State of New York had the greatest number of cases from 1989 to 1998 while the incidence was highest in Connecticut. 

Bandy AR, Thornton DC, Johnson JE. 1993b. Carbon disulfide measurements in the atmosphere of the western North Atlantic and the northwestern South Atlantic Oceans. Journal of Geophysical Research 98 23449-23457. 

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