In-plant tests

The financial support of the EU Commission to the in-plant testing and validation work packages, in the frame ofthe BRITE-EURAM Project 6056 "SIMON" is gratefully acknowledged. 

Traps for small (test stand used), medium (in-plant testing), and large (in-plant testing) condensate loads were tested against a perfect rating of 30. The results are in Tables 1, 2, and. 3. 

The capital cost of spectrographic analysis instrumentation is normally too high to justify in-plant testing. Typical cost for a microprocessor-based spectrographic system is between 30,000 and 60,000. Because of this, most predictive maintenance programs rely on third party analysis of oil samples. 

Heat-flux corrosion rates can also be determined in plant tests using steam-heated tubular specimens which are weighed or callipered. 

Zhou ZA, Langlois R, Xu Z, Finch JA, Agnew R (1997) In-plant testing of a hydrodynamic reactor in flotation. In Finch JA, Rao SR, Huang LM (eds) Processing of Complex Ores. CIM, Sudbury, Canada, pp 185-193... 

TLC-bioautography has been used in Canada since 1984 for the confirmation of tetracycline-positive in plant tests (65). However, TLC-bioautography is not quantitative and only gives direction to the analyst as to what confirmatory method of analysis should be used. Therefore, presumptive positives must be confirmed by physicochemical techniques that have been validated in terms of detection limit, precision, and accuracy. 

The U.S.Department for Housing and Urban Development s rule 3280.308 established formaldehyde emission standards for particleboard and hardwood plywood paneling used in mobile homes. These standards took effect February 11, 1985. The certification program under this rule requires each manufacturer to develop a quality control in-plant testing program that relates to tests conducted in a large scale environmental chamber. 

There can be clear advantages to using a centrifuge over a filter, such as a drier product or a more effective separation. This will be dependent upon the application. However, there can be applications where a nutsche or even several types of centrifuges appear, from small scale testing, to yield similar product quality results. Ultimately, the decision will depend upon operability, that is installation, maintenance, and day-to-day operation. For these purposes, it is strongly recommended that the plant invest the time and relatively small capital costs for a rental unit to run an in-plant test on the product. 

SLS system design and scale up are frequently dependent on settling velocity of suspended particles, flow rate, specific cake resisfance, cake % solids, medinm resistance, clarity of filtrate, or overflow, which are obtained from tests. In-plant testing is snggested. If replacement equipment is to be considered for processes in operation, in-plant testing shonld be performed and if a new product is involved, pilot-plant and bench-scale tests of separability should be conducted so that the maximum design information is available. 

The inherent characteristics of control valves allow classification into three main groups, based on the relationship between valve flow and valve position under constant pressure linear, equal-percentage, and quick opening (Seborg, Edgar, and Mellichamp, 2004 see Fig. 18.51). Usually in-plant testing is used to determine the actual valve characteristics because the dynamics of the valve can depend on other flow resistances in the process. 

ASTM G 4 Standard Method for Conducting Corrosion Coupon Tests in Plant Equipment Provides guidelines for in-plant testing— weight loss coupons, specimen racks, reporting. 

There is a place for both plant and laboratory tests for exploring materials for a new unit of an existing process. Plant tests can be used to explore the behavior of new materials under current operating conditions far better than can laboratory tests. These tests do not require the simulation of plant conditions, which is always imperfect. Also, in most situations these tests can be conducted with more materials at a far lower cost than is possible with laboratory tests. One drawback to in plant testing is that it may be... 

In-service or in-plant tests are particularly useful in estimating the service life of steel, since the exposure conditions are considered to be realistic. The following documents clearly outline procedures to obtain meaningful corrosion rates for steels in their respective applications and environments ... 

Because of the extensive use of copper-nickel in shipboard piping, the potential corrosivity of RO ultrapure water on these systems is considered important, ASTM G 4 (Standard Guide for Conducting Corrosion Coupon Tests in Field Application) covers in-plant testing of metals and alloys without regard to alloy t q)e, family, or class and generates test results by exposure of the materials to filtered seawater (RO feed stock), an intermediate-pass brine byproduct, and ultrapure product water. 

The test methods used to evaluate the corrosion of materials and plant components are described in Bellcore Technical Advisories (TAs), Technical References (TRs), and Generic Requirements (GRs). Many of the tests in these documents include and reference ASTM, UL, ANSI/NEMA, and MIL standards. Some of the test methods are specific to the telecommunication industry and can be found only in TAs, TRs, and GR s. Manufacturing and purchase of telecommunication plant components are based on these documents, thus, available to the manufacturers and to companies that sell them. The methods used for in-plant testing are described in Bell System Practices (BSPs) and licensed Bellcore documents. ... 

Table 1 describes the documents used for various in-plant testing. 

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