In human skin

The absorption of glycolic acid in human skin is pH-, strength- and time-dependent. Seventy percent glycolic acid solutions are commonly... 

Moy LS, Peace S, Moy RL (1996) Comparison of the effect of various chemical peeling agents in a mini pig model. Dermatol Surg 22 429-432 Seitz JC, Whitemore CG (1988) Measurement of erythema and tanning response in human skin using a Tri-Stimulus colorimeter. Dermatologica 177 70-75... 

Moy LS, Howe K, Moy RL (1996) Glycolic acid modulation of collagen production in human skin fibroblast cultures in vitro. Dermatol Surg 22(5) 439-441... 

Clough GF, Boutsiouki P, Church MK Comparison 57 of the effects of levocetirizine and loratadine on histamine-induced wheal, flare, and itch in human skin. Allergy 2001 56 985-988. 58... 

KATIYAR s K, MATSUI M s, ELMETS c A and MUKHTAR H (1999) Polyphenolic antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate from green tea reduces UVB-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of leukocytes in human skin , Photochem Photobiol, 69, 148-53. 

M. S. Determination of the effect of lipophilidty on the in vitro permeability and tissue reservoir charaderistics of topically applied solutes in human skin layers. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2003, 120, 759-764. 

Pathak, M.A. and Stratton, K. (1968). Free radicals in human skin before and after exposure to light. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 123, 468-476. 

Soter, N.A., Lewis, R.A., Corey, E.J. and Austen, K.F. (1983). Local effects of synthetic leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 and LTB4) in human skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 80, 115-119. 

K4. Katz, Y., and Strunk, R. C Enhanced synthesis of factor B induced by tumor necrosis factor in human skin fibroblastis is decreased by IL-4. J. Immunol. 144,4675-4680 (1990). 

D Southwell, BW Barry. Pentration enhancement in human skin. Effect of 2-pyrroli-done, dimethylformamide and increased hydration on finite dose permeation of aspirin and caffeine. Int J Pharm 22 291-298, 1984. 

Seitz JC, Whitemore CG (1988) Measurement of erythema and tanning response in human skin using a Tri-Stimulus colorimeter. Dermatologica 177 70-75... 

Selective Resonance Raman Detection of Carotenes and Lycopene in Human Skin.104... 

SELECTIVE RESONANCE RAMAN DETECTION OF CAROTENES AND LYCOPENE IN HUMAN SKIN... 

Ermakov IV et al. (2005), Two-wavelength Raman detector for noninvasive measurements of carotenes and lycopene in human skin, SPIE Proc., 5686, 131-141. 

Ermakov IV, Ermakova MR, Gellermann W, and Lademann J (2004b), Non-invasive selective detection of lycopene and beta-carotene in human skin using Raman spectroscopy, J. Biomed. Opt. 9 332-338. 

Hata TR, Scholz TA, Ermakov IV, McClane RW, Khachik F, Gellermann W, and Pershing LK (2000), Non-invasive Raman spectroscopic detection of carotenoids in human skin, J. Invest. Dermatol. 115 441 148. 

MWNTs were found to be cytotoxic in human skin fibroblasts (HSF42) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) [42-44], whereas SWNTs were toxic in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cultures [25, 26, 45]. Reduced cell proliferation and oxidative stress were reported also in epithelial (HeLa) cells [45] and murine epidermal cells (JB6 P + ) [46] upon incubation with SWNTs. 

UV filters are currently considered as emerging environmental contaminants of increasing concern since most of the commonly used are known to cause endocrine disrupting effects in both aquatic and terrestrial organisms as well as in human skin cells [4]. These compounds bioaccumulate in fish at similar levels to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT [5, 6]. 

J.L. Zhao, P.E. Pergola, L.J. Roman, and D.L. Kellogg, Bioactive nitric oxide concentration does not increase during reactive hyperemia in human skin. J. Appl. Physiol. 96, 628-632 (2004). 

H. Wagner, K. Kostka, C. Lehr, and U.F. Schaefer, pH profiles in human skin influence of two in vitro test systems for drug delivery testing. Eur. J. Pharmaceutics Biopharmaceutics 55, 57-65 (2003). 

Krutmann J. 2000. Ultraviolet A radiation-induced biological effects in human skin relevance for photoaging and photodermatosis. J Dermatol Sci 23 S22-S26. 

In contrast to transition metals iron and copper, which are well-known initiators of in vitro and in vivo lipid peroxidation (numerous examples of their prooxidant activities are cited throughout this book), the ability of nontransition metals to catalyze free radical-mediated processes seems to be impossible. Nonetheless, such a possibility is suggested by some authors. For example, it has been suggested that aluminum toxicity in human skin fibroblasts is a consequence of the enhancement of lipid peroxidation [74], In that work MDA formation was inhibited by SOD, catalase, and vitamins E and C. It is possible that in this case aluminum is an indirect prooxidant affecting some stages of free radical formation. 

A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin , CIE Journal 6, 17-22 (1987). 

Cheung, C., Hotchkiss, S.A., and Pease, C.K., Cinnamic compound metabolism in human skin and the role metabolism may play in determining relative sensitization potency, J. Dermatol. Sci., 31, 9, 2003. 

Reelfs, O., Tyrrell, R. M., and Pourzand, C., Ultraviolet a radiation-induced immediate iron release is a key modulator of the activation of NF-kappaB in human skin fibroblasts, J. Invest. Dermatol. 122, 1440-1447, 2004. 

Corrosive A substance that causes visible destruction or visible changes in human skin tissues at the site of contact. 

In humans, the intradermal injection of SP (10 7-10 5 M) produces a flare, wheal and itching, and these effects are prevented by pretreatment with chlorcyclizine (an antihistamine) or by local pretreatment with compound 48/80 [ 103, 104]. It causes histamine release from sections of human foreskin [105]. These authors suggested that SP is significantly less active on isolated rat peritoneal mast cells than in human skin. 

Xiao L, Takada H, Maeda K, Haramoto M, Miwa N (2005) Antioxidant effects of water-soluble fullerene derivatives against ultraviolet ray or peroxylipid through their action of scavenging the reactive oxygen species in human skin keratinocytes. Biomed. Pharmacother. 59 351-358. 

Xiao L, Takada H, Gan XH, Miwa N (2006) The water-soluble fullerene derivative Radical Sponge exerts cytoprotective action against UVA irradiation but not visible-light-catalyzed cytotoxicity in human skin keratinocytes. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16 1590-1595. 

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