In biology/medicine

E. Gurr, Synthetic Dyes in Biology, Medicine and Chemistry, Academic Press, London, 1971. 

Why Do We Need to Know This Material The techniques described in this chapter provide rhe tools that we need to analyze and control the concentrations of ions in solution. A great deal of chemistry is carried out in solution, and so this material is fundamental to understanding chemistry. The ionic compounds released into waterways by individuals, industry, and agriculture can impair the quality of our water supplies. However, these hazardous ions can be identified and removed if we add the right reagents. Aqueous equilibria govern the stabilization of the pH in blood, seawater, and other solutions encountered in biology, medicine, and the environment. 

Pelham, H.R.B. (1990). Functions of the hsp70 protein family An overview. In Stress Proteins in Biology Medicine (Morimoto, R., Tissieres, A., Georgopoulos, C., eds.), pp. 287-300, CSHL Press, Cold Spring Harbor. 

Cationic porphyrinic macrocycles, in particular the archetypical tetracationic, meso-telra-W-melhylpyridyl (porphyrin, have applications in biology, medicine, catalysis, and materials (95-103). Cationic tetraazaporphyrins, or porphyrazines, which represent a novel alternative and class of cationic porphyrinic compounds, were recently reported (37). 

This subject has been of continuing interest for several reasons. First, the present concepts of the chemical constitution of such important biopolymers as cellulose, amylose, and chitin can be confirmed by their adequate chemical synthesis. Second, synthetic polysaccharides of defined structure can be used to study the action pattern of enzymes, the induction and reaction of antibodies, and the effect of structure on biological activity in the interaction of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipides with polyhydroxylic macromolecules. Third, it is anticipated that synthetic polysaccharides of known structure and molecular size will provide ideal systems for the correlation of chemical and physical properties with chemical constitution and macromolecular conformation. Finally, synthetic polysaccharides and their derivatives should furnish a large variety of potentially useful materials whose properties can be widely varied these substances may find new applications in biology, medicine, and industry. 

A. E. Martell, (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry in Biology Medicine , ACS Symposium Series 140, American Chemical... 

Gurr, E. (1971) Synthetic dyes in biology, medicine and chemistry, NY Academic Press 84Zollinger, H. (1991) Op. Cit. pg. 51... 

Aggeli, A., Boden N., and Zhang S., "Self-Assembling Peptide Systems in Biology, Medicine and Engineering". Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (2001a). 

Almost every phase of biomedical engineering involves the measurement, replacement, or modification of tissues and organs. For this reason it is essential that workers in biology, medicine, and biomedical engineering understand the relationship among biochemical pathways, mechanical loading, tissue structure, and normal function. The purpose of this text is to integrate this material in order to provide a conceptual framework needed to understand how external forces affect tissue metabolism. 

Swanson, D.R. 1986. Fish oil, Raynaud s syndrome, and undiscovered public knowledge. Perspective in Biological Medicine, 20 7-18. 

N.M. Emanuel managed to apply the knowledge accumulated in the branches of chemistry and physics to solving problems in biology, medicine and agriculture. 

In addition to the areas already discussed in this article and, in particular, development of applications in biological, medicinal, and materials chemistry, several aspects are of current research interest. Section 4.10 introduced the steadily expanding area of single-cage metallacarbaborane clusters with more than 12 vertices. The role of carbaboranes and metallacarbaboranes within supramolecular chemistry has been actively investigated in the last decade. One of the best-explored areas is that of multicluster mercuracarbaboranes, which act as macrocyclic Lewis acidic hosts for electron-rich (anionic or neutral) guests. ... 

Instead of SNOM, in many cases, particularly if the sample is to be screened for Raman active spots and their spatial distance is more than half of the wavelength of the laser, it is also confocal Raman microscopy that delivers enough morphological and spectral information on both nanoparticle structure and SERS activity, respectively. Thus, confocal Raman microscopy is interesting for a wide variety of applications in biology, medicine, and technological materials research. 

The probe nanotechnology will be of demand when it is adopted to mass production of nanomechanic and memory devices, integrated circuits with nanosize elements and sensors. Sensors of that type will find wide application in biology, medicine and other human activities. Our researches reported above put forward examples of starting steps in this direction. 

The Life Sciences Division within the BER manages a diverse portfolio of research to develop fundamental biological information and to advance technology in support of DOE s missions in biology, medicine, and the environment. Specific research areas include ... 

Aggeli, Amalia, Neville Boden, and Shuguang Zhang. Self-Assembling Peptide Systems in Biology, Medicine, and Engineering. Boston Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. 

Although many TP contributions have focused on theoretical design strategies, synthesis, and characterization of TP chromophores, TPA in photosciences is still in its infancy. The main concern is whether one really needs TP excitation because many applications in biology, medicine, and material science are successfully based on OP excitation. In order to favor TP excitation, one has to list the advantages of TPA. 

Typical of all human experience, seeing is believing, so the microscope has attracted much interest for many decades. All these inventions, of course, were basically initiated on the principles laid out by the telescope (as invented by Galileo) and the light-optical microscope (as invented by Hooke). Actually, no other scientific techniques have contributed so much to the scientific development in biology, medicine, and material science as the different microscopy techifiques. 

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