Immunoreactive polypeptide

Lomedico, P. T., and Saunders, G. F., 1976, Preparation of pancreatic mRNA Cell-free translation of an insulin-immunoreactive polypeptide. Nucleic Acid Res., 3 381. 

Neuropeptide Y. Neuropeptide Y [82785 5-3] (NPY) (255) is a 36-amiao acid peptide that is a member of a peptide family including peptide YY (PYY) [81858-94-8, 106338-42-5] (256) and pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) [59763-91-6] (257). In the periphery, NPY is present in most sympathetic nerve fibers, particulady around blood vessels and also in noradrenergic perivascular and selected parasympathetic nerves (66). Neurons containing NPY-like immunoreactivity ate abundant in the central nervous system, particulady in limbic stmctures. Coexistence with somatostatin and NADPH-diaphorase, an enzyme associated with NO synthesis, is common in the cortex and striatum. 

Smart, D.S., Shaw, C., Johnston, C.F., Halton, D.W., Fairweather, I. and Buchanan, K.D. (1992a) Chromatographic and immunological characterisation of immunoreactivity towards pancreatic polypeptide and neuropeptide Y in the nematode Ascaris suum. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 102C, 477—481. 

In the single electron microscopic immunocytochemical study thus far carried out with these antibodies (242), 5-HT7 receptors were described as located in neuronal somata and dendrites, fine unmyelinated axons, and axon terminals of the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). After double immunoperoxidase (5-HT7) and immunogold labeling, some of these SCN soma-dendrites and axon terminals could be shown to be GABA, vasoactive intestical polypeptide (VIP), or vasopressin (VP) immunoreactive. Astrocytes in the SCN, characterized by their numerous filaments, were also reported as immunopositive for 5-HT7 receptors. 

Note —, no immunoreactive cells observed +, immunoreactive neurones and/ or nerve fibres found FMRF, Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 VIP, vaso-active intestinal polypeptide nt, not tested. 

Brazeau P, Vale W, Burgus R, Ling N, Butcher M, Rivier J, Guillemin, R (1973) Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone. Science 179 11-19. 

Ollerenshaw, S., Jarvis, D., Woolcock, A. etal. (1989). Absence of immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in tissue from the lungs of patients with asthma (see comments]. N. Engl. J. Med. 320, 1244-1248. 

Jobling MG, Holmes RK (1992) Fusion proteins containing the A2 domain of cholera toxin assemble with B polypeptides of cholera toxin to form immunoreactive and functional holotoxin-like chimeras. In Infect. Immun. 60 4915—4924. 

Laurell and coworkers have identified an alternatively spliced shorter (80 kDa) form of human HSL that is exclusively expressed in WAT and devoid of both esterase and lipase activities, and is presumably generated by skipping of exon 6, which encodes fhe serine residue of the catalytic triad [295]. Subsequenfly, two HSL immunoreactive bands (88 kDa = L form and 84 kDa = S form) in homogenates from human obese adipose tissue were reported [296]. Immunodetection experiments with an antibody specifically recognizing the domain encoded by exon 6 suggested fhat fhe 80 kDa and S forms correspond to the polypeptide translated... 

Lopez-Mascaraque L, Villalba RM, de Carlos JA. 1989. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons in the main olfactory bulb of the hedgehog (Erinaceus euro-paeus). Neurosci Lett 98 19-21. 

Majewski, M., Sienkiewicz, W., Kaleczyc, J., Mayer, B., Czaja, K., and-Lakomy, M. (1995). The distribution and co-localization of immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P within nerve fibres supplying bovine and porcine female genital organs. Cell Tissue Res. 257 445-464. 

A developmentally regulated polypeptide (PEP-19), that is a presumptive neuron-specific calcium binding protein, was identified in adult and neonatal rat cerebellum and its amino acid sequence was determined (Ziai et al., 1986). PEP-19-like immunoreactivity is expressed by Purkinje cells and by the cartwheel cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the mouse (Mugnaini et al., 1987). Berrebi et al. (1991) drew attention to the expression of PEP-19, CaBP and other Purkinje cell markers (cerebellin, L7 see below) by bipolar cells and other neurons of the retina. 

Vincent SR, Johansson O, Hokfelt T, Skirboll L, Fide RP, Terenius L, Kimmel J, Goldstein M (1983a) NADPH-diaphorase a selective histochemical marker for striatal neurons containing both somatostatin-and avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP-) like immunoreactivity. J. Comp. Neurol., 217, 252-263. 

Calretinin is a cytoplasmic 31 kD protein, which again was first isolated from central nervous system tissues." 748 jg gggj peripheral nerves in the skin and elsewhere." Otherwise, this polypeptide is rather restricted in distribution, having been detected thus far only in mesothelium," germinal surface epithelium of the ovary," and selected adenocarcinomas (most notably a subset in the colon and rectum).Melanocytic tumors are not included in the list of neoplasms that show potential calretinin immunoreactivity. 

Miyachi, Y., Jitsuishi, W., Miyoshi, A., Fujita, S., Mizuchi, A. Tatemoto, K. (1986) The distribution of polypeptide YY-like immunoreactivity in rat tissues. Endocrinology 118, 2163-2167. 

Of the antisera tested so far, those with the widest immunoreactivity across species and most commonly associated with neuromuscular locations (proximity of neurites to muscle) include pancreatic polypeptide-like peptide(s) (PP) of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) superfamily and Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFamide)-like peptide(s), an invertebrate family of neuropeptides (22, 53, 55, 57, 61, 82, 89-92, 95, 103). In parasitic flatworms immunoreactivities to members of the NPY superfamily (neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide) and FMRFamide are likely to be largely or completely due to the native neuropeptide F (NPF) (22, 93, 100, 101). This 39 amino acid neuropeptide was first isolated and sequenced from the cestode Moniezia expansa and is viewed as a closely related member of the NPY superfamily it represents the first invertebrate member of this family to be isolated and sequenced. Similar staining patterns for the PP and PYY members of the NPY superfamily, FMRFamide and NPF have been obtained. Ultrastructural studies have co-localized NPF, PP and FMRFamide to a specific population of large dense-core vesicles in neurons of some species. NPF quenches PP and FMRFamide immunoreactivities but not vice versa. These results obtained in species of trematodes and cestodes suggest that most, if not all, of the... 

A second study of A. suum, in which 31 antisera were tested, showed positive immunoreactivity with antisera to 11 peptides pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, neuropeptide Y, gastrin, cholecystokinin, substance P, atrial natriuretic peptide, salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone, mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone, chromogranin A, and FMRFamide (192). 

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