Main olfactory bulb

In its central projections the vomeronasal pathway, distinguished by a unique lectin-affinity, ascends to an accessory olfactory bulb, while dorsal and ventral pathways supply the dorsal and ventral regions of the main olfactory bulb (Saito and Taniguchi, 2000). The AOS (but not the MOS) of salamanders displays considerable diversity in the... 

Giannetti N., Saucier D. and Astic L. (1992). Organization of the septal organ projection to the main olfactory bulb in adult and newborn rats. J Comp Neurol 323, 288-298. 

Kelliher K Chang Y., Wersinger S. and Baum M. (1998). Sex difference and testosterone modulation of pheromone-induced neuronal fos in the Ferret s main olfactory bulb and hypothalamus. Biol Reprod 59, 1454-1463. 

Sanchez-Barcelo E., Mediavilla M.D., Sanchez-Criado J.E., Cos S., et al. (1985). Anti-gonadal actions of olfaction and light deprivation effects of blindness and main olfactory bulb — deafferentation and transection of vomeronasal nerve or bulbectomy. J Pineal Res 2, 177-190. 

Lin, D.Y., Zhang, Shao-Zhong, Block, E and Katz, L.C. (2005) Encoding social signals in the mouse main olfactory bulb. Nature 433, 470-477. 

Brennan, P.A., Schellinck, H.M., De La Riva, C., Kendrick, K.M. and Keverne, K.B. (1998) Changes in neurotransmitter release in the main olfactory bulb following an olfactory conditioning procedure in mice. Neurosci. 87, 583-590. 

Two olfactory systems have evolved in terrestrial vertebrates which differ in both their peripheral anatomy and central projections. The main olfactory system is usually conceived as a general analyzer that detects and differentiates among complex chemosignals of the environment (Firestein 2001). Odors are detected by olfactory sensory neurons located in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) these neurons project to glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (MOB). The mitral and tufted neurons abutting these MOB glomeruli then transmit olfactory signals to various... 

As with many macrosmatic mammals, rodents have two separate chemosensory systems, the main olfactory system (MOS) and accessory olfactory system (AOS), which respond to social odors. Importantly, these sensory systems differ not only in their peripheral morphology and central projections, but also in the types of chemosignals that they process (Meredith 1991). Sensory neurons of the MOS, which are located in the main olfactory epithelium and project to the main olfactory bulbs, process volatile chemicals and can detect odors at a distance. In contrast, sensory neurons of the AOS, which are located in the vomeronasal organs (VNO) and project to the accessory olfactory bulbs, primarily process large, non-volatile chemicals and require contact for stimulation (Meredith 1991). 

Fig. 35.1 Simplified diagram of chemosensory circuit in amygdala. Vomeronasal input via accessory olfactory bulb (VNO/ AOB) is analyzed in anterior and posterior medial amygdala (MeA, MeP). MeP appears to be inhibited by intercalated nucleus (ICNc) for heterospecific and artificial stimuli. MOE/ MOB Main olfactory epithelium/Main olfactory bulb. ACN Anterior Cortical Nucleus. PC Piriform Cortex. BLA Basolateral amygdala. ICNr rostral part of medial intercalated nucleus. ICNc caudal part of ICN. MPOA Medial Preoptic Area. VMH Ventro-medial hypothalamus...

FIGURE 5.7 Projection ofreceptor input from olfactory epithelium onto glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb in mice. The epithelium is organized into four zones defined by expression of odorant receptors. Olfactory neurons of a particular zone project to a corresponding zone in the bulb. Axons of these olfactory neurons that express the same odorant receptor (such as those shown in black) converge to a small number of glomeruli. AOB, accessory olfactory bulbs, NC, nucleus coeruleus. (From Mori etal, 1999.)... 

The septal organ is a small patch of sensory epithelium on the wall of the septum, in the anterior part of the nasal cavity, and ventral to the olfactory epithelium. It is found primarily in rodents, has chemical receptors similar to olfactory receptors, and is sensitive to volatile odorants. It projects into the main olfactory bulb, but not into the accessory olfactoiy bulb (Pedersen and Benson, 1986). Because of its forward location, the septal organ may serve as an early-warning system that arouses resting or sleeping animals when volatiles are present (Wysocki, 1989). 

Nerve transection experiments have shown that normal estrus cyclicity and behavioral estrus in mice relies on sensory input through the main olfactory bulbs and does not require the accessory olfactory system (Rajendren and Dominic, 1986). 

Johnson, B. A. and Leon, M. (2001). Spatial representations of odorant chemistry in the main olfactory bulb of the rat. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, vol. 9, ed. A. Marchlewska-Koj, J. J. Lepri, and D. Miiller-Schwarze, pp. 85-91. New York Kluwer Academic/Plenum. 

Kratskin I, Kenigfest N, Rio JP, Djediat C, Reperant J. 2006. Immunocytochemical localization of the GABAB2 receptor subunit in the glomeruli of the mouse main olfactory bulb. Neurosci Lett 402 121-125. 

Figure 7 Schematic diagram demonstrating the connection system between the nasal odor receptors and the (main) olfactory bulb. Sensory neurons expressing identical odorant receptors converge their axons to a limited number of defined glomeruli. AOB, accessory olfactory bulb NC, neocortex. Reproduced from K. Mori H. Nagao Y. Yoshihara, Science 1999, 286, 711-715, with permission from AAAS.

Cho JH, Lepine M, Andrews W, Pamavelas J, Cloutier JF (2007) Requirement for Slit-1 and Robo-2 in zonal segregation of olfactory sensory neuron axons in the main olfactory bulb.J Neurosci 27(34) 9094-9104... 

Fig. 3 Vomeronasal system. Schematic representation of a rodent nasal cavity and brain (lateral view). Accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) mitral cells project to vomeronasal and extended amygdala. Inset The VNO is a bilateral tubular structure located at the base of the nasal septum. VSNs that express the same V1R or V2R converge on a small number of glomeruli in the AOB. Sensory neurons located in the apical layer of the epithelium project to the anterior part of the AOB, whereas those present in the basal layer project to the posterior part. MOE main olfactory epithelium, MOB main olfactory bulb, BSTMPM posteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, MEA medial amygdaloid nucleus, BACfF bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract, PMCO posteromedial cortical amygdaloid area...

Baker H, Towle AC, Margolis FL. 1988. Differential afferent regulation of dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons in the mouse main olfactory bulb. Brain Res 450 69-80. 

Belluzzi O, Puopolo M, Benedusi M, Kratskin 1. 2004. Selective neuroinhibitory effects of taurine in slices of rat main olfactory bulb. Neuroscience 124 929-944. 

Bogan N, Brecha N, Gall C, Karten HJ. 1982. Distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the rat main olfactory bulb. Neuroscience 7 895-906. 

Brinon JG, Martinez-Guijarro FJ, Bravo IG, Arevalo R, Crespo C, et al. 1999. Coexpression of neurocalcin with other calcium-binding proteins in the rat main olfactory bulb. J Comp Neurol 407 404-414. 

CastiEoPE,Carleton A, Vincent JD, Lledo PM. 1999. Multiple and opposing roles of cholinergic transmission in the main olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 19 9180-9191. 

Chao TI, Kasa P, Wolff JR. 1997. Distribution of astroglia in glomeruli of the rat main olfactory bulb Exclusion from the sensory subcompartment of neuropil. J Comp Neurol 388 191-210. 

Davis BJ, Burd GD, Macrides F. 1982. Localization of methionine-enkephalin, substance P, and somatostatin immunor-eactivities in the main olfactory bulb of the hamster. J Comp Neurol 204 377-383. 

Gall C, Seroogy KB, Brecha N. 1986. Distribution of VIP- and NPY-like immunoreactivities in rat main olfactory bulb. Brain Res 374 389-394. 

Giustetto M, Kirsch J, Fritschy JM, Cantino D, Sassoe-Pognetto M. 1998. Localization of the clustering protein gephyrin at GABAergic synapses in the main olfactory bulb of the cat. J Comp Neurol 395 231-244. 

Heinbockel T, Heyward P, Conquet F, Ennis M. 2004. Regulation of main olfactory bulb mitral cell excitability by metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR 1. J Neurophysiol 92 3085-3096. 

Kakuta S, Oda S, Takayanagi M, Kishi K. 1998. Parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in the main olfactory bulb ofthe house musk shrew, Suncus murinus. Brain Behav Evol 52 285-291. 

Kosaka T, Kosaka K. 2003. Neuronal gap junctions in the rat main olfactory bulb, with special reference to intraglomerular gap junction. Neurosci Res 45 189-209. 

Kosaka T, Kosaka K. 2004. Neuronal gap junctions between intraglomerular mitral/tufted ceU dendrites in the mouse main olfactory bulb. Neurosci Res 49 373-378. 

Kosaka T, Deans MR, Paul DL, Kosaka K. 2005. Neuronal gap junctions in the mouse main olfactory bulb Morphological analyses on transgenic mice. Neuroscience 134 757-769. 

Kosaka K, Toida K, Margolis FL, Kosaka T. 1997. Chemically defined neuron groups and their subpopulations in the glomerular layer of the rat main olfactory bulb-II. Prominent differences in the intraglomerular dendritic arborization and their relationship to olfactory nerve terminals. Neuroscience 76 775-786. 

Kosaka T, Hataguchi Y, Hama K, Nagatsu I, Wu JY. 1985. Coexistence of immunoreactivities for glutamate decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase in some neurons in the periglomerular region of the rat main olfactory bulb Possible coexistence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine. Brain Res 343 166-171. 

Chemically defined neuron groups and their subpopulations in the glomerular layer of the rat main olfactory bulb. Neurosci Res 23 73-88. 

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