Immunoglobulin synthesis

The immunological disorders of Indian childhood cirrhosis and of tropical splenomegaly syndrome, where there are disturbances of the immunoglobulin synthesis as well as defects of cellular immune responses, may be the results of a combination of infections and perhaps certain types of unusual autoimmune phenomena—or even to vitamin deficiencies. 

The total proteins in the urine of patients with various lymphomas was higher than in normals. The reason for this was most likely an increased excretion of light chain proteins due to abnormal immunoglobulin synthesis. Most of these patients have secondaries in the kidneys, and this may well be a cause and effect phenomenon. 

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. No studies were located regarding immunological effects in humans after oral exposure to PBDEs. No effects on pokeweed mitogen-stimulated DNA proliferation or IgG immunoglobulin synthesis were found in human lymphocytes exposed to 2,2, 4,4 -tetraBDE or 2,2, 3,4,4 -pentaBDE in vitro (Femlof et al. 1997). 

Saxon A, Stevens RH, Ramer SJ, Clements PJ, Yu DT. Glucocorticoids administered in vivo inhibit human suppressor T lymphocyte function and diminish B lymphocyte responsiveness in in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis. J Clin Invest 1978 61(4) 922—30. 

Salmon, S. E., Immunoglobulin synthesis and tumor kinetics of multiple myeloma. Semin. Hematol. 10, 135-144 (1973). 

Hurlimann J. Immunoglobulin synthesis and transport by human salivary glands. Immunological mechanisms of the mucous membranes. Curr Top Pathol 1971 55 69-108. 

Thiamphenicol has immunosuppressive properties, which are ascribed to an effect on immunocompetent cells, rather than on immunoglobulin synthesis (16). In animals, thiamphenicol prolonged the survival of skin homografts (17). 

Del Prete, G.F., De Carli, M., Ricci, M. and Romagnani, S. (1991b). Helper activity for immunoglobulin synthesis of Thl and Th2 human T cell clones. The help of Thl clones is limited by their cytolytic capacity. J. Exp. Med. 174, 809-813. 

Bost and Pascual, 1992). In lymphocytes and lymphocytic cell lines, substance P av pients mitogen-induced proliferation of B and T lymphocytes (Payan et O.I., 1983 Bost and Pascual, 1992), stimulates immunoglobulin synthesis (Bost and Pascual, 1992), augments the release of interleukin 2 (11 2) from concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated murine T cells (Rameshwar et al.,... 

Jeannin P, Dehieste Y, Lecoanet-Henchoz S, et al. Thiols decrease human interleukin (IL) 4 production and IL-4 induced immunoglobulin synthesis. J Exp Med 1995 182 1785-92. 

Cohen, S. and Bannister, R., Immunoglobulin synthesis within the nervous system in disseminated sclerosis, Lancet, 366, 1967. 

In this group the immunoglobulin deficiency is thought to result from circulating factors suppressing immunoglobulin synthesis. Renal failure (H19, H25) celiac disease (AlO, B16, H38), diabetes mellitus (Bll, H25), severe infection (H25), and rubella in utero (H25, P9, S22) can have this result. Immunosuppressive (cytotoxic) treatment produced severe AG in only 1 of 54 patients, although DG resulted in another 4. Thus while such treatment is well known to predispose to severe infection... 

How does this suppression of normal immunoglobulin synthesis occur Simple displacement of the normal plasma cells by neoplastic cells seems unlikely, because in the marrow this would also result in leukoerythro-blastic anemia this in fact is found in fewer than 5% of these patients. Marrow occupation would also depress IgG first (Section 4.3), whereas this is usually the last to fall. Furthermore, IgA is largely derived from the gut, which is rarely directly involved by tumor. It has also been suggested that the neoplastic cells misappropriate available amino acids at the expense of normal plasma cells. Immunoglobulin deficiency is, however, unusual with most other types of neoplasia, and even among the... 

Since the first description (G9) this condition can now be divided as follows (i) Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia (H17) also occurring in other Caucasians (Mil), Negros and Navajos (RIO), and Mennonites (HU) (ii) thymic dysplasia (M18) (hi) thymic dysplasia with some immunoglobulin synthesis (H32) (iv) achondroplasia lethalis (G2, H32) (v) acquired in adulthood (K8). 

Together with this tendency for their immunoglobulin synthesis to dedifferentiate, malignant immunocytomata also seem capable of sup-... 

The first patient treated with a thymic factor was a 4-year-old girl with thymic hypoplasia and abnormal immunoglobulin synthesis (Wara et al, 1975 Wara, 1983). She was treated with TF5 at a dose of 20 mg/kg/week for a total of 33 months. After 1 month of thymosin therapy, she had conversion of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests as well as an increase in absolute lymphocyte count. In addition, T cell percentages increased from 10 to 60% and serum immunoglobulin levels increased from 220 to 1220 mg/dl. However, no effects were seen on T cell functions in lymphoproliferative responses to T cell mitogens or in MLR. The patient s clinical condition improved with a decrease in the number and severity of infections and diarrhea. She has continued off therapy and appears healthy at age 13. This initial success prompted the many subsequent therapeutic attempts with a variety of thymic preparations. 

IL-1 plays an important role in the activation of T lymphocytes (B5, R9, W15). It stimulates the production of IL-2 and expression of the IL-2 receptor in antigen-activated cells (E8, F5, V9). IL-1 also has important activities on B cells, cooperating with other cytokines in the stimulation of immunoglobulin synthesis (F6, H26, K32). IL-1 may also play a role in maintaining B tolerance (D27). 

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