Immunological disorders

Further class IA drugs include the open state blockers procainamide and disopyramide with electrophysiolog-ical effects similar to those of quinidine procainamide lacks the antimuscarinic and antiadrenergic effects. Characteristic side effects of procainamide are hypotension and immunological disorders. 

The antiepileptic drug phenytoin, an orally available class DB antiarrhythmic, is mainly effective in digitalis-induced arrhythmias. This diug exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics and a number of side effects including neuropathy, gingival hypetplasia, hepatitis, immunological disorders and suppression of white blood cells. 

New active substances for treatment of AIDS, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, (and from 2008) autoimmune or other immunological disorders and viral diseases. 

Enzyme Deficiencies Associated with Immunological Disorders. 33... 

Butler, J.E., Navarro, P., and Sun, J. (1997) Adsorption-induced antigenic changes and their significance in ELISA and immunological disorders. Immunol Invest 26(1-2), 39-54. 

The significance of oral bacterial carriage, degree of illness, malnutrition and immunological disorders will also be addressed. 

Holland, K. and Spivik, J.L., Drug-induced immunological disorders of the blood, in Clinical Immunotoxicology, Newcombe, D.S., Rose, N.R., and Bloom, J.C., Eds., Raven Press, New York, 1992, 141. 

Genitourinary disorders Gastrointestinal disorders Immunological disorders... 

In experimental typhoid disease in mice treated with colimycin, the addition of pentoxyl prevents immunological disorders and stimulates an immunological reaction [294]. This compound potentiates the action of sulphonamides in mice infected with type II pneumococcus [295]. In combination with streptomycin, pentoxyl is beneficial in the treatment of experimental tuberculosis in guinea-pigs [296]. However, a single pharmacological report, relative to effects on the central nervous system, was unfavourable [297]. 

The immunological disorders of Indian childhood cirrhosis and of tropical splenomegaly syndrome, where there are disturbances of the immunoglobulin synthesis as well as defects of cellular immune responses, may be the results of a combination of infections and perhaps certain types of unusual autoimmune phenomena—or even to vitamin deficiencies. 

Cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs, which inhibit the synthesis or action of crucial cellular macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, are used in three broad categories of skin disease hyperproUferative disorders, such as psoriasis immunological disorders, such as autoimmune bullous diseases and skin neoplasms. The pharmacology of these drugs is discussed in Chapter 57. 

The most common cause of hypothyroidism in the USA at this time is probably Hashimoto s thyroiditis, an immunologic disorder in genetically predisposed individuals. In this condition, there is evidence of humoral immunity in the presence of antithyroid antibodies and lymphocyte sensitization to thyroid antigens. Certain medications can also cause hypothyroidism (Table 38-5). 

The natural adrenocortical hormones are steroid molecules produced and released by the adrenal cortex. Both natural and synthetic corticosteroids are used for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of adrenal function. They are also used—more often and in much larger doses—for treatment of a variety of inflammatory and immunologic disorders. 

Immunological Disorders. There are several kinds, for example, amyloidosis. 

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