Immune response, factors that influence

In summary, therefore, the ability to tolerate dietary exposure to food proteins does not demand the suppression of all immune responses, but rather the avoidance or selective inhibition of immune responses of the quality required for IgE antibody production and allergic sensitization. Against this background an intriguing question relates to the nature of factors that influence the loss or failure of immunological tolerance and acquisition of allergic sensitization to food proteins, and which underlie inter-individual differences in susceptibility to food allergy [43],... 

The biocompatibility of a biomaterial is primarily related to its interaction with the innate immune system, ie, ultimately the inflammatory response that is induced. Factors that influence such response include physicochemical and stmctural properties of the surface and the total surface area of the material. For a biodegradable material, these properties change over time and for most polymers, the pH also decreases in the tissue adjacent to the material during degradation. Consequently, the biocompatibility of a biomaterial needs to be reassessed at different steps, because a degrading material no longer possesses the properties of the original, biocompatible material. 

Psoriasis is a T-lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory disease that results from a complex interplay between multiple genetic factors and environmental influences. Genetic predisposition coupled with some precipitating factor triggers an abnormal immune response, resulting in the initial psoriatic skin lesions. Keratinocyte proliferation is central to the clinical presentation of psoriasis. 

It is possible to identify various factors that confer on chemicals the ability to induce skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis. These include the capacity to gain access to the viable epidermis across the stratum corneum, to associate stably with host proteins, to provoke a certain degree of proinflammatory cytokine production by skin cells, and to be recognized by specific T lymphocytes. The effectiveness with which these requirements are met, and possibly other properties of the chemical that influence the vigor of induced immune responses, together with the extent of exposure, will dictate the degree to which sensitization is achieved. 

Mechanism of Action A second-generation retinoid that adjusts factors influencing epidermal proliferation, RNA/DNA synthesis, controls glycoprotein, and governs immune response. Therapeutic Effect Regulates keratinocyte growth and differentiation. 

Inflammatory influences. Inflammation (p. 1211), which usually accompanies infection and can also arise from allergic responses, is affected by many substances.2293-6 These include chemotactic factors that attract neutrophils and monocytes2220 2294 and the adhesion molecules that assist in the movement of lymphocytes. 229e/f Some epithelial tissues, such as the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract, are maintained in a continuous very low level of inflammation. This reflects the balance between activation of the immune system and inhibition of the system by signals from microorganisms both pathogenic and commensal 229 h... 

That the tissue phase of H. nana is highly immunogenic is witnessed by the fact that even a single oncosphere invading a villus can elicit complete protection (353). Moreover, this protection can develop within a few days. It must be stressed, however, that - as with most helminth parasites - the immune responses may vary substantially in different strains of the same host, a factor not always appreciated in these experiments. Immune responses known to be influenced by host genotype are listed in Table 11.3. 

The structural differences between the antigen and the host s own version of that protein (self-protein), as well as the host s immunological regulatory mechanisms, are the important factors influencing the outcome of the immune response. 

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