Illustrations permission requirements

If the turn-to-turn voltage, ef, and the front time, so achieved falls within the design parameters, no additional measures would be necessary to further reduce the TRV. However, if It is felt that the dampened voltage, ef, may exceed the required value of r.r.r.v. during operation, a surge capacitor may also be introduced in the circuit as illustrated in Figure 17.23 to reduce the wave front a2 to b2, so that the front time is enhanced to a permissible... 

In the first case, if we had considered a safe line length of 250 km, this would become 500 km for a symmetrical line. Figure 24.18 illustrates such a condition. Depending upon the length and type of line, a line length compensation may be required. Most transmission lines are seen to be within permissible lengths and only a few may require such a compensation. Nevertheless, it may be worth reducing the phase displacement between E, and to less than 15° electrical, to further iinprove the quality and stability level of power transmission. 

Fleat transfer cements are quite useful for transferring the heat from an external tracing when attached outside of the process pipe, Figures 10-167 and 10-168. To determine the number of heat transfer steam tracers, it is important to contact the manufacturer of the heat transfer cement. The illustrations here should be considered preliminary for approximating purposes. The information/data that follows is used with permission from Thermon Manufacturing Co./Cellex Div. Except for specific conditions, most applications represent the requirements to maintain a pipe (or vessel) system temperature, not to raise or lower the temperature. 

Figure 13-10. Diagram illustrating the three configurations of the sphere required for the efficiency measurement, (a) The sphere is empty (b) the sample is in place and ihc laser beam is directed at the wall (c) the laser beam is directed on the sample. Reproduced with permission front [I26. ...

Figure 5.1 Packing of two threaded rods illustrating that minimal approach distance requires that the principal axis of upper rod be rotated clockwise with respect to axis of lower, leading to nonparallel packing. Reprinted from Ref. 6 with permission of the author. Copyright 1976 by the American Physical Society.

Fig. 8.11 Overall sensitivity as a function of W and R0 using (a) homogeneous and (b) surface sensing. The simulation illustrates that higher sensitivity requires smaller W but has little depen dence on Rc. Q factor is calculated and plotted in (c). Reprinted from Ref. 45 with permission. 2008 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers...

The authors and publishers acknowledge with thanks the assistance given by the following companies and individuals in providing illustrations and data for this volume and giving their permission for reproduction. Everyone was most helpful and some firms went to considerable trouble to provide exactly what was required. We are extremely grateful to them all. 

FIGURE 10.48 Results of a study illustrating the nature of the calcium requirement by enzymes of the clotting cascade. Factor X, factor n, phospholipid, and the indicated cation were mixed together in a test tube. A small, synthetic substrate was also added. Cations (half-black circle) no addition, ( ) calcium, (O) strontium, (A) barium, ( ) magnesium, (A) magnesium + barium. (Redrawn with permission from Nelsestuen et al, 1976.)... 

Figure 12.25. Spectra of an asbestos fiber illustrating the focus of a Kaiser Mark II probe. A 2 min acquisition at low power (5 mW) with the fiber-optic probe yielded a useful spectrum that compares well (except for SNR) to a dedicated Raman microscope requiring much longer acquisition time and higher power. (Adapted from Reference 1 with permission.)...

Fig. 10.4. A schematic representation of a turbulent fluidized bed. The illustration shows that in a turbulent fluidized bed entrainment is significant and an internal cyclone with solids recycle through a dipleg is required. Reprinted from [82] with permission from Elsevier.

Photographs copyright, 344 handling guidelines, 295 of people, 362 permissions, 293, 362 purpose in scientific paper, 281 required permissions, 362 submission guidelines, 292-293, 295 See also Illustrations... 

Figure 16.18 Illustration of the CFTR channel mechanism, which requires both ATP energy and PKA phosphorylation for channel opening. (A) illustrates single channel recordings activated by ATP and PKA. (B) illustrates the hypothetical channel structure and the different conformational stages. Used with permission from Gadsby et al., Nature 440, 477-483, 2006 - Nature Publishing Group.

Fig. 1.3 Scheme of the different types of automatic analysers, classified according to the way In which sample transport Is effected. The examples Illustrate the determination of a single analyte In a liquid sample requiring dilution (0) and sequential addition of two reagents (Ri, R2) for the analytical reaction to develop, (a) Batch analyser, (b) Continuous analysers (SFA, segmented-flow FIA, flow-injection CCFA, completely continuous flow), (c) Robot station. Note that agitation is carried out by independent units in (a), is not required in (b) and is effected by a single unit in (c). (Adapted from [17] with permission of Ellis Horwood). 

Radioactive wastes come directly from nuclear-reactor-fuel reprocessing plants and from industries employing radioactivity for processing work. The dominating elements from nuclear reactor fuels are cesium 137 and strontium 90, with the latter th,e controlling isotope owing to low permissible concentration values (Table 10-2). Rodger cites an example to illustrate the severity of the problem. In the year a.d. 2000 the installed reactor capacity on a world-wide basis is predicted to be 2.2 X 10 Mw. If this system is operated for 50 years, the Sr steady-state level (rate of production = rate of decay) would be 8.6 X 10 curies, which would require 5 per cent of the entire world ocean volume to dilute to the maxi-... 

FIGURE 8.72 Patterns used to illustrate requirements for conducting polymer-based circuitry. Dots indicate placement of the probe wires for conductivity measurements. An optical micrograph of this interdigjtated pattern after contact transfer to PDMS. Inherent limitations in self-assembled monolayers (SAM) are presumably responsible for the defects observed. (From Gorman, C.B., Biebuyck, H.A., and Whitesides, G.M., Chem. Mater., 7,526,1995. With permission.)... 

Figure 2. Illustration of the EXAFS and A x XANES analysis procedures. Energy alignment is critical in the difference technique and is needed to eliminate the slight wandering in photon energy that exists in any photon beam coming from a synchrotron. The Pt L3 foil spectra taken simultaneously with each sample run are aligned and then the actual sample speetra are shifted by the exact same energy required to align the foil spectra. Reprinted from Ref. 49, Copyright (2005) with permission from Authors.

Figure 11.35 Diagram illustrating a method for providing absolute quantitation of metabolites in incurred serum samples when no analytical standard is available. The method exploits the trend towards equimolar responses for a drug candidate and its metabolite at low flowrates ( 10 nL.min ) that permits measurement of the concentration ratio of metabolite to parent compound via the observed ratio of signals for the two using nanospray ionization (1 nano/Ip,nano)- However, use of a fast nonselective extraction procedure like protein precipitation for the LC-ESl-MS/MS assays is not suitable for the nanospray experiment since the extracts are too complex, so a more selective procedure, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in this case, must be used to prepare these extracts. The connection between the two procedures is achieved by analyzing the LLE extracts by both nanospray and the LC-ESI-MS method used for the assays of the incurred samples, yielding an LC-ESI-MS peak area ratio (A] lc/ms/- p,lc/ms) comparison with (iM.mmo/Ip.nano) that is interpreted as the concentration ratio. This comparison yields a calibration factor k ji = (lM,nano/Ip,nano)/(AM.LC/Ms/Ap Lc/Ms) that enables quantitation of the metabolite relative to that of the parent compound subsequently, absolute quantitation of the latter by conventional LC-MS using an analytical standard to prepare a calibration curve permits absolute quantitation of the metabolite also. Only a limited number of nanospray analyses (one in the example shown) is required to derive a k j value applicable to a complete set of study samples. Reproduced from Valaskovic, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20, 1087 (2006), with permission of John Wiley Sons Ltd.

Fig. 8 Schematic illustration of the requirements of the various energy levels for the Sharon-Schottky PG cell (Reprinted from Electrochimica Acta, 36(7), Maheshwar Sharon, P. Veluchamy, C. Natarajan, Dhananjay Kumar, Solar rechargeable battery-principle and materials, 1107-1126, Copyright (1991), with permission from Elsevier)...

Figure 9. Plot of log viscosity + constant vs. log MW + normalization constant for a series of synthetic polymers, illustrating the generic behavior of polymers with MWs above and below the critical DP required for intermolecular entanglement and network formation. (Reproduced with permission from reference 10. Copyright 1980 John Wiley Sons.)...

Schematic diagram of the Rapid Underway Monitoring system illustrating key components and required integration Diaphragm pump (a) used to deliver water to the onboard instrumentation (b-d), instruments mounted in the water column (e, f), and GPS unit and computer components (g). (Reproduced from Hodge, J., Longstaff, B., Steven, A., Thornton, P., EUis, P., and McKelvie, 1., Mar. Pol. Bull., 51,113,2005. With permission.)...

FIGURE 12.3 Illustration of the pore connectivity in various types of zeolite materials used as templates of microporous carbons. Pore interconnections are a requirement for the preparation of microporous ZTCs with the same pore periodicity as the zeolite template. (From Johnson, S. A. et al.. Chemistry of Materials, 9, 2448, 1997. With permission.)... 

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