Cardiovascular abnormality

B2 knockout embryos subjected to salt stress in utero show suppressed renin expression and an abnormal kidney phenotype and develop early postnatal hypertension. Consistently, although basal bradykinin formation is defective tissue kallikrein-null mice have normal blood pressure however suffer from cardiovascular abnormalities. However suggesting a function of kinin signaling during development. 

NOx levels are increased in plasma and urine of septic animals. Many nonse-lective NO synthase inhibitors (e.g., L-NMMA) are used in several models with experimental induced sepsis (S40). In most studies it was shown that the cardiovascular abnormalities associated with sepsis were reversed, increasing blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance (F7, K9, M26, N5), together with a improvement in renal function (B42, H24). Also, selective inhibition of iNOS prolonged survival in septic rats (A7). 

Chronic complications involve many organs and include pulmonary hypertension, bone and joint destruction, ocular problems, cholelithiasis, cardiovascular abnormalities, and hematuria and other renal complications. 

A cohort study of 5668 NG-exposed workers found an increased standardized mortality ratio for deaths from ischemic heart disease. The increase was more pronounced for those with 10 or more years of exposure and was statistically significant for the 40- to 49-year age group, whereas a deficit of cardiovascular mortality had been anticipated because of preplacement and annual medical examinations designed to exclude persons with cardiovascular abnormalities. These results were confirmed in a retrospective cohort mortality study that found a significant excess of ischemic heart disease mortality among workers actively exposed to NG and under the age of 45. ° (Note this study failed to detect a chronic cardiovascular effect as excess risk was only associated with workers actively exposed to NG.)... 

Care of the patient s airway, respiratory support, and treatment of cardiovascular abnormalities are all part of the early support that may be required. The needs for these situations are common to all medical emergencies, though in the poisoned patient, potential interactions between therapy and suspected poison(s) must be considered. 

An hKl knockout mouse has recently been generated and found to be unable to generate significant levels of kinins in most tissues and develop cardiovascular abnormalities early in adulthood despite normal blood pressure [178],... 

Meneton P, Bloch-Faure M, Hagege AA, et al. Cardiovascular abnormalities with normal blood pressure in tissue kallikrein-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 ... 

Perry HM Jr, Kopp SJ, Perry EF, et al. 1989. Hypertension and associated cardiovascular abnormalities induced by chronic barium feeding. J Toxicol Environ Health 28 373-388. 

Poisoning can occur with doses of cocaine as low as 20 mg (10 drops of cocaine 4%). Victims generally collapse and die after associated cardiovascular abnormalities, dysrhythmias, and respiratory failure. Signs and symptoms of intoxication include excitement, restlessness, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, convulsions, and delirium. 

Monitoring parameters for pharmacotherapy of narcolepsy include reduction in daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Patients should be evaluated regularly during medication titration, then every 6 to 12 months to assess adverse drug events (e.g., mood changes, sleep disturbances, and cardiovascular abnormalities). If symptoms increase during therapy, PSG should be done. 

A combination of bile acid sequestrants with nicotinic acid or probucol or an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor can be used to produce synergistic effects in lowering plasma lipoprotein levels, particularly LDL. The efficacy of drug treatment was shown in a recent study in which lovas-tatin and colestipol were used to reduce cholesterol levels in men with CHD. The rate of progression of coronary lesions was decreased and that of regression increased. These changes also were associated with reduced cardiovascular abnormalities. 

As with any anemia, cardiovascular abnormalities, including cardiac enlargement and various murmurs, can occur in patients with SCD. Patients complain of various degrees of exertional dyspnea, tachycardia, and palpitation owing to the decreased oxygen-carrying... 

Adverse effects include insomnia, sedation, and cardiovascular abnormalities due to anticholinergic activity and a direct quinidine-like effect on the heart. 

This drug is both sympathoplegic and parasympathoplegic, due to blockade of nicotinic ganglia in both parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways. Thus, effects on both systems are seen. Effects due to sympathetic blockade include sedation, hypotension, and cardiovascular abnormalities, whereas those due to parasympathetic blockade include dyspepsia and constipation. 

The principles of treatment of nerve agent poisoning are the same as they are for any toxic substance exposure namely, terminate the exposure establish or maintain ventilation administer an antidote, if one is available and correct cardiovascular abnormalities. 

Many organic solvents are teratogenic and embryotoxic in laboratory animals depending on the specific solvent, dose, route of administration and particular animal species. The various malformations described include hydrocephaly, exencephaly, skeletal defects, cardiovascular abnormalities and blood changes. Also, some studies suggest poor fetal development and neurodevelopmental deficits. In a portion of these studies exposure levels were high enough to induce maternal toxicity. 

A variety of pathological conditions are associated with low serum magnesium levels in humans. Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia frequently accompany magnesium deficiency in humans [27]. Neuromuscular hyperexcitahility characterized by tetany, convulsions, and muscle tremors, ataxia, and muscle weakness have all been observed in hypomagnesemic patients [79]. Hypomagnesemia in humans has also been associated with various cardiovascular abnormalities, including arrhythmias [80], mitral valve prolapse [81], coronary vasospasm [82], myocardial infarction [83,84], and hypertension [85]. 

A patient with bilateral thenar hypoplasia resembling a mild form of Holt-Oram syndrome developed bradycardia when she took therapeutic doses of lithium it resolved on withdrawal [14 ]. However, the Holt-Oram syndrome is often called the heart-hand syndrome because cardiovascular abnormalities are common in this genetic disorder [15 ], suggesting that either lithium may have interacted with the TBX5 gene product or the bradycardia was serendipitous. 

Previous reports had suggested that SSRIs can cause cardiovascular abnormalities, and the strongest evidence related to paroxetine. However, the relative contributions of these medications and the effect of depressive illness have remained uncertain. 

Allen, K, G. D., and Klevay, L. M. (1978) Cholesterolemia and cardiovascular abnormalities in rats caused by copper deficiency. Atherosclerosis 29 81. 

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