Hyperpyrexia

Metabolic Myopathies Glycogen Storage Disease Disorders of Lipid Metabolism Respiratory Chain Disorders Mitochondrial DNA Abnormalities Myotonias, Periodic Paralyses, and Malignant Hyperpyrexia Myotonias... 

To cover these various disorders in an orderly and comprehensive manner, the following sections are devoted, respectively, to the muscular dystrophies the congenital myopathies the metabolic myopathies the myotonias, periodic paralyses, and malignant hyperpyrexia the neurogenic disorders the inflammatory muscle disorders the endocrine myopathies and the drug-induced and toxic myopathies. 

Denborough, M.A., Galloway, G.J., Hopkinson, K.C. (1982). Malignant hyperpyrexia and sudden infant death. Lancet 2, 1068-1069. 

Hypertension Tachycardia Nausea, vomiting Hypersalivation Hyperpyrexia, fever, sweating Rhabdomyolysis Flushing... 

Schreiber R, Brocco M, Audinot V, et al (l-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4 iodophenyl)-2-amino-propane)-induced head-twitches in the rat are mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2A receptors modulation by novel 5-HT2A/2C antagonists, Dj antagonists and 5-HTagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 273 101—112, 1995 Screaton GR, Singer M, Cairns HS, et al Hyperpyrexia and rhabdomyolysis after MDMA ( ecstasy ) abuse. Lancet 399 667—668, 1992... 

Effects In Humans. Neither postmortem nor functional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies in humans provide firm evidence for similar, long-term damages or alterations to monoaminergic neurons in chronic stimulant abusers. In part, the lack of demonstrable neurochemical changes may well be due to the obvious preclusion of well-controlled prospective experimentation in humans, as well as to variability in critical variables (e.g., individual sensitivity or pattern of abuse) encountered in clinical research. Possible relationship of the various complications of stimulant abuse including hyperpyrexia, seizure, anoxia, and metabolic exhaustion to neuronal chromatolysis, terminal destruction, and monoamine and enzymatic depletion have not been systematically explored in human autopsy eases. It should be also noted that, under nonperturbed conditions, overt behavioral deficits are rare in... 

The answer is d. (Hardman, p 188J Malignant hyperthermia (hyperpyrexia), a syndrome that is associated with the use of a general... 

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can induce hyperpyrexia anchor seizures or opioid overdose symptoms Used in severe pain Do not use transdermal in acute pain... 

Meperidine should not be combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors because of the possibility of severe respiratory depression or excitation, delirium, hyperpyrexia, and convulsions. 

Increased or decreased antidepressant response increased toxicity Decreased antihypertensive efficacy Decreased antihypertensive efficacy Increased hypoglycemic effects Possible additive lowering of seizure threshold Decreased antihypertensive efficacy tachycardia CNS stimulation Increased therapeutic and possibly toxic effects of both drugs hypertensive crisis delirium seizures hyperpyrexia serotonin syndrome Increased hypoglycemic effects... 

In temperature extremes, patients taking antipsychotics may experience their body temperature adjusting to ambient temperature (poikilother-mia). Hyperpyrexia can lead to heat stroke. Hypothermia is also a risk, particularly in elderly patients. These problems are more common with the use of low-potency FGAs. 

Goodman s literature review and analysis appears, however, to provide the best available LD50 estimate for atropine, since it is based on the actual outcomes of known doses. He excluded from his analysis the few reported cases in which death occurred after less than 30 mg of atropine (e.g. 3 mg). He assumed that deaths following such low doses were probably the result of complications, including, for example, hyperpyrexia due to an excessively warm environment and/or underlying medical illnesses. 

There is also a rare, but occasionally fatal, interaction between TCAs and MAOIs in which hyperpyrexia, convulsions and coma can occur. The precise mechanism by which this is brought about is unclear, but it may be associated with a sudden release of 5-HT. 

The hypothalamic temperature controller (Bl) can be inactivated by neuroleptics (p. 236), without impairment of other centers. Thus, it is possible to lower a patient s body temperature without activating counter-regulatory mechanisms (thermogenic shivering). This can be exploited in the treatment of severe febrile states (hyperpyrexia) or in open-chest surgery with cardiac by-pass, during which blood temperature is lowered to 10°C by means of a heart-lung machine. 

Toxicology. Dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) causes an increase in metabolic rate that results in hyperpyrexia. Severe exposure may cause coma and death. Exposure also causes a yellow pigmentation of the skin, hair, sclera, and conjunctivae. 

Symptoms of poisoning can include rapid onset of profuse diaphoresis, hyperpyrexia. 

Methylphenidate is a CNS stimulant similar to amphetamine however, in usual doses it has a more expressed action on mental activity rather than physical or motor activity. In therapeutic doses it does not raise blood pressure, respiratory rate, or increase heart rate. All of these effects as well as a number of others are associated with general excitement of the CNS. Tremor, tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, and a state of confusion can result from using large doses. It is used in treating moderate depression and apathetic conditions, and also as an adjuvant drug for treating attention deficit disorder in children.Synonyms of this dmg are meridil, ritalin, and others. 

Nausea vomiting dry mouth nervousness vertigo headache drowsiness mental confusion (especially in the elderly patient) hyperpyrexia blurred vision increased ocular tension disturbance in eye accommodation urticaria and other dermatoses dysuria tachycardia palpitations eosinophilia leukopenia. 

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as NMS has been reported in association with promethazine alone or in combination with antipsychotic drugs. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and evidence of autonomic instability (eg, irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, cardiac dysrhythmias). 

Adverse reactions may include drowsiness ataxia dizziness slurred speech headache vertigo weakness impairment of visual accommodation euphoria overstimulation paradoxical excitement nausea vomiting diarrhea palpitations tachycardia various arrhythmias syncope hypotensive crises allergic/idiosyncratic reactions leukopenia acute nonthrombocytopenic purpura petechiae ecchymoses eosinophilia peripheral edema fever hyperpyrexia chills angioneurotic edema bronchospasm oliguria anuria anaphylaxis erythema multiforme exfoliative dermatitis stomatitis proctitis Stevens-Johnson syndrome bullous dermatitis paresthesias agranulocytosis aplastic anemia thrombocytopenic purpura. 

Genera/- Alopecia fever hyperthermia hyperpyrexia local edema nasal stuffiness increased perspiration proneness to falling weight gain or loss. 

Hyperpyrexia A significant, not otherwise explained rise in body temperature may indicate intolerance to antipsychotics. 

---