Hygiene Textiles

Personal hygiene products are products such as nappies (diapers), sanitary towels, tampons, and incontinence products. 

Hygiene products normally consist of several layers of various materials. They are distinguished into covering and inside layers. The covering layer is normally produced as a thin nonwoven. Very often the material for covering layers is cotton or cellulose. For a long time the inside layer was also made of cotton or cellulose. At present more and more webs are made of hydrophilic chemical fibers and so-called super absorbers.  

Nappies (diapers) are multistage products. They should fulfill the following demands  

In the case of sanitary napkins, back wetting should also be considered. The inside layer consists mainly of superabsorbent products that need a thicker covering layer as a result of this. Polypropylene and PES materials are used for these. Tampons, on the other hand, normally consist of sanitary cotton covered by a net tube or with mull. 

Incontinence products should be distinguished by a high absorbency, good fit and wear, and prevention of bacterial growth and odor, and they should also meet aesthetic requirements. Generally they are constructed like nappies (diapers), using the same raw materials. 

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The first four functions are mainly the concern of so-called hygiene textiles which generally may be considered to be those used in domestic and clinical environments, whereas in the case of the last function, the textile may be required to protect either the wearer from an infected person or patient or conversely the patient from external infection. Both these last are of extreme importance in a clinical environment and Chapter 5 must be consulted with regard to these so-called medical textiles. 

Healthcare and hygiene textiles Extracorporeal devices Bedding, protective clothing, surgical gowns, clothes, wipes, etc. Artificial kidney, artificial liver, artificial lung, bioreactors, etc. 

Kandhavadivu, P., Vigneswaran, C., Ramachandran, T., Geethamanohari, B., 2011. Development of polyester-based bamboo charcoal and lyocell-blended union fabrics for healthcare and hygienic textiles. Journal of Industrial Textiles 41 (2), 142—159. 

Mathews A, Hardingham M. Medical and hygiene textile production. Rugby Practical Action Publishing 2011. 

Functional derivatives of polyethylene, particularly poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acryLic acid) and derivatives, have received attention because of their water-solubility and disposal iato the aqueous environment. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is used ia a wide variety of appHcations, including textiles, paper, plastic films, etc, and poly(acryLic acid) is widely used ia detergents as a builder, a super-absorbent for diapers and feminine hygiene products, for water treatment, ia thickeners, as pigment dispersant, etc (see Vinyl polymers, vinyl alcohol polymers). 

The building is an industrial laundry with high thermal loads, ventilated naturally or by hybrid ventilation. The laundry cleans, among other things, hospital textiles thus, high hygienic standards are required Three different levels of internal thermal loads were assumed (60, 100, 160 W/m i for the sirnularitins. 

American Academy of Industrial Hygiene (AAIH), 14 203. See also United States entries U.S. entries American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), 10 847, 848 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), 9 227, 237 American Boiler Manufacturers ... 

CEFIC has estimated that more than 60% of the 2,000 biocidal active ingredients and of the 20,000 formulated biocidal products containing them currently marketed in the EU may eventually be withdrawn as a result of the implementation of the Biocidal Products Directive. Avecia believes the BPD is likely to restrict new product development and increase the costs of notifying and listing active substances, meaning that research on new actives will be difficult to justify. Avecia Protection Hygiene develops and produces antimicrobials for more than 25 applications in industrial preservation, disinfection, plastics, textiles and personal care, and it continues to develop new products. 

Fluorocarbons and fluoropolymers have been in commercial use for over half a century and have found their way into a diverse array of products. The members of this array are too numerous to hst but they include nonstick coatings for cookware, construction materials, carpets, textiles, paints, electronic materials, household cleaners and personal hygiene products. As fluorocarbons are expensive compared to their hydrocarbon analogues, they are chosen carefully and usually to fill a void in a product attribute that simply cannot be accommodated by another material. The attributes typically afforded by the use of fluorocarbons are repellency, lubricity, chemical and thermal inertness, and low dielectric constant, in regards to which fluorocarbons are unique among their hydrocarbon counterparts. 

A modest but important use of certain tributyltin-contain-ing formulations is in hospital and veterinary disinfectants. Similar formulations are applied to protect textiles against fungal and bacterial attack, both in the industrial and the hygienic sector ("sanitizing"). 

Dring I, Antimicrobial, rotproofing and hygiene finishes , in Textile Finishing, D Heywood (ed.) Bradford, Society of Dyers and Colourists, 2003, 351-371. 

For more than decades, acrylic acid has served as an essential building block in the production of some of our most commonly used industrial and consumer products. Approximately two-thirds of the acrylic acid manufactured in the United States is used to produce acrylic esters - methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate -which, when polymerized, are ingredients in paints, coatings, textiles, adhesives, plastics, and many other applications. The remaining one-third of the acrylic acid is used to produce polyacrylic acid, or cross-linked polyacrylic acid compounds, which have been successfully used in the manufacture of hygienic... 

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