Standards hygiene

Various polymers and latexes ai e used in manufacturing different articles for medical use. Safety measures in using such articles require strict control measures which provide for detecting toxic substances on hygienic standard levels or on the permissible migration level (PML) (mg/dm ). Chromatographic reaction methods ai e used to reveal formaldehyde, phenol, and epichlorhydrin. 

Toxicity information Toxic hazard rating Hygiene standard (e.g. OLE, TLV) Maximum allowable concentration (MAC) Lethal concentration (LC50) Lethal dose (LD50) ... 

Hygiene standards are employed as indicators of risk to man from inhalation of toxic or nuisance chemicals at work. 

Some materials possess low odour thresholds their smell gives warning of impending danger. Others possess odour thresholds well in excess of the hygiene standard. Examples are included in Table 5.12. 

Some materials, such as arsine, phosphine, toluene di-isocyanate and stibine, may be present in concentrations in excess of their hygiene standards yet undetectable by smell. 

This table is a useful guide but because standards are continually under review and many caveats apply reference should be made to the most recent edition of HSE EH 40 and the AGGIH TLV list for current values and their interpretation. Often carcinogens are not assigned a hygiene standard. 

The 8 hr TWA hygiene standard (see Chapter 5) for earbon dioxide is 0.5% at higher levels life may be threatened by extended exposure. The following eonsiderations therefore supplement those listed in Table 8.3 ... 

Ensure tliat operator exposure is below tlie hygiene standard. (Note For envuonmental monitoring, beeause of its toxieity, a CO2 analyser must be used as distinet from simply relying on eheeks of oxygen levels.)... 

X sensitivity of analytical method (mg) suitable hygiene standard (mg/m )... 

The dose reeeived shall not exeeed speeified limits. As with most hygiene standards these limits vary slightly between nations loeal values should be eonsulted. Limits set within the UK are summarized in Table 11.4. 

Limit access to designated areas to classified persons (e.g. in UK persons likely to receive doses in excess of 6 mSv per year or an equivalent dose which exceeds 30% of relevant hygiene standard). Access may need to be limited by trapped keys or interlocks for high dose rate enclosures. 

For continuous release of gas or vapour the steady-state dilution ventilation required to reduce the atmospheric pollutant to a level below its hygiene standard is given by... 

MW is die molecular weight K is die design factor HS is die hygiene standard. 

If the oxygen content of the contaminated air is deficient (refer to page 72), breathing apparatus is essential. The degree of protection required is determined by the level of contamination, the hygiene standard for the contaminant(s), the efficiency of any filter or adsorber available, and the efficiency with which the facepiece of the device seals to the user s face (this is reduced by beards, spectacles etc.). The level of comfort and user acceptability are further considerations. 

The building is an industrial laundry with high thermal loads, ventilated naturally or by hybrid ventilation. The laundry cleans, among other things, hospital textiles thus, high hygienic standards are required Three different levels of internal thermal loads were assumed (60, 100, 160 W/m i for the sirnularitins. 

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