Hydrolyze, definition

CAS 85711-58-6 EINECS/ELINCS 288-318-8 Synonyms Hydrolyzed lecithin Lecithins, hydrolyzed Definition Prod, obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis of lecithin Properties Amphoteric... 

Uses Biological additive, skin conditioner, hair conditioner in cosmetics Hydrolyzed albumen Synonyms Albumen, hydrolyzed Definition Hydrolysate of albumen derived by acid, enzyme, or other method of hydrolysis Uses Antistat, skin conditioner, vise, control agent in cosmetics Hydrolyzed almond protein CAS 100209-19-6 EINECS/ELINCS 309-327-6 Classification Protein... 

Hydrolyzed hair keratin CAS 65997-21-9 73049-73-7 Synonyms Hair keratins, human, hydrolyzed Definition Hydrolysate of human hair keratin derived by acid, enzyme, or other hydrolysis Uses Antistat in cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Tri-K HKP t[Tri-K Ind. http //www. tri-k. com]... 

Synonyms Hydrolysates, oat flour Oat flour, hydrolysates Oat flour, hydrolyzed Definition Hydrolysate of oat flour derived by acid, enzyme, or other method of hydrolysis Uses Hair conditioner, skin conditioner in cosmetics fat replacer for low-fat foods, baked goods, salad dressings, etc. thickener, texturizer in foods... 

Hydrolyzed oats Synonyms Oats, hydrolyzed Definition Hydrolysate of oats, Avena sativa derived by acid, enzyme, or other method of hydrolysis... 

CAS 96690-41-4 EINECS/ELINCS 306-235-8 Synonyms Hydrolyzed sericin Hydrolyzed silk protein Protein hydrolysates, silk Silk hydrolysate Silk, hydrolyzed Definition Hydrolysate of silk protein derived by acid, alkaline, or enzymatic hydrolysis Uses Antistat, humectant, emollient, moisture binder, substantivity agent for hair car, skin care... 

Lippi et. al (87) and Dirstine (88) circumvented titration by converting the liberated fatty acids into copper salts, which after extraction in chloroform are reacted with diethyldithio-carbamate to form a colored complex which is measured photometrically. While the end point appears to be more sensitive than the pH end point determination, the advantages are outweighed by the additional steps of solvent extraction, centrifugation and incomplete extraction when low concentrations of copper salts are present. Other substrates used for the measurement of lipase activity have been tributyrin ( ), phenyl laurate (90), p-nit ro-pheny1-stearate and 3-naphthyl laurate (91). It has been shown that these substrates are hydrolyzed by esterases and thus lack specificity for lipase. Studies on patients with pancreatitis indicate olive oil emulsion is definitely superior to water soluble esters as substrates for measuring serum lipase activity. 

A sample of hops which had been treated with tetraethyl pyrophosphate showed a negative chemical analysis. The plant material was also extracted and the extract added to the drinking water of test animals and sensitive insects. The animals and insects that drank this treated water for several days showed no reaction. With the sensitive insects it would have been possible to detect even a few parts per million. In addition, there have been extensive commercial field applications of the chemical in dust and spray form to crops such as apples, pears, grapes, celery, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and others up to within a few days of harvest there has been no detectable poison residue on any of the crops. The lack of poison residue with use of tetraethyl pyrophosphate is due to the fact that it hydrolyzes within a few hours of application, breaking down into transient nonresidual and nonpoisonous chemicals. Thus it is possible to use tetraethyl pyrophosphate well up to harvest time of food products without danger of residual poison on crops. The fact that the chemical is used in extremely small amounts is a definite advantage in respect to freedom from poison residue. 

Investigations of the equilibria obtaining in solution have provided information concerning the stoichiometry and stability of the species formed when the beryllium ion is hydrolyzed. Although the identification of the minor species can never be regarded as definitive, there is little doubt that the principal species are Be2(OH)3+ and Be3(OH)3+ in acid solutions and Be(OH)3 and Be(OH)r in strongly basic solutions. Further support for these conclusions is provided by some crystal structures. The structure of [Be3(0H)3(H20)6]... 

Lactone hydrolysis is similar to ester hydrolysis in terms of catalytic mechanisms, but differs as far as reaction kinetics and products are concerned. Whereas esters are hydrolyzed to two metabolites/products, lactones generate a hydroxy acid as the sole metabolite/product of hydrolysis. In fact, the reaction should be designated as hydration rather than hydrolysis according to the definitions given in Chapt. 1. Another characteristic of hydrolytic... 

Zirconium presents a particular problem and is a major constituent of at least one crud in a uranium processing circuit. Also, as stated earlier, zirconium will tend to hydrolyze in an HNO3-TBP circuit given the right conditions of shear and of energy input (proximity to saturation of the solvent and the type and construction of contactor, particularly in the coalescing zone). The use of Teflon plates in columns for such an extraction process definitely increased coalescence and decreased the tendency for hydrolysis and crud formation [40]. 

The consistency of Napalm gel is variable and depends on many factors. However, 2-4% of Napalm gives a definitely stringy gel whereas 10-12% gives a very elastic gel which is almost solid. Napalm, while satisfactory as a thickener, is hygroscopic and also susceptible to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen resulting in a thickened gasoline with poor characteristics. In the presence of moisture, the soap may hydrolyze as shown in Equation 5.24 ... 

The 3-ethoxycarbonyl group in 4//-pyran 63 (R = Me, R1 = Bu) was hydrolyzed on heating with ethanolic potassium hydroxide this procedure with analogous 4/f-pyrans 63 (R1 = Me, Ph) was accompanied by decarboxylation.107 Acid 607d obtained by hydrolysis of ethyl ester 68 (X = EtO Y = Me) did not decarboxylate to a definite product on heating with copper powder. ... 

The interaction between pyridine and organolithium compounds in benzene was first reported by Ziegler and Zeiser129 and was attributed to the formation of 1 1 adducts. Indirect evidence for intermediates of this kind was based on the formation of dihydropyridines by treatment of the reaction mixture with water. More definite evidence was obtained with quinoline, isoquinoline, and acridine.130 Phenyllithium reacts quantitatively with quinoline in ether to yield an adduct as a yellow powder that can be recrystallized. In order to define the site of attachment, the adducts were hydrolyzed to dihydro derivatives and the latter dehydrogenated. Because this treatment leads mainly to 2-phenyIquinoIine and l-phenylisoquinoline from quinoline and isoquinoline, respectively, the related adducts can be assumed to have structures 80 and 81. Isolation and characterization of the dihydro derivatives have been carried out, as well as in the case of the reaction of acridine with phenyllithium. 

A lipase has been defined as an enzyme that hydrolyzes the esters from emulsified glycerides at an oil-water interface (Desnuelle 1961). This review adheres to this definition as a consequence, investigations which involve water-soluble substrates or substrates containing an alcoholic moiety other than glycerol have not been included. 

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