Color of complexes

P = parent ion detected in mass spectrum. Color of complex p-y, pale yellow o, orange o-b, orange-brown c, colorless w, white d-g, deep-green b-g, blue-green r-b, red-brown d-p, dark-purple 1, lemon r, red g, green. H NMR data are available on all the compounds and P NMR on all the Pt-phosphine complexes 231). 

Color of Complexes Valence Bond and Crystal Field Theories... 

Rossman, G. R., Shannon, R. D. Waring, R. K. (1981) Origin of the yellow color of complex nickel oxides. J. Solid State Chem., 39, 277-87. 

The color of complex inorganic pigments results from the incorporation of cations of transition metals into the crystal of the host oxides. The host can be a single oxide such as Ti02 (rutile) or a mixed oxide such as TiZn204 (spinel) or MgAl204 (spinel). Most of the host oxides can be found as naturally occurring... 

As one often sees in the history of chemistry, observations of scientists in their early years influence their work of much later years. There is no doubt that JB s early interest in the colors of complexes and, in particular, in the relationship between the colors and the structures became the basis for his inspiration of his entire laborato almost 25 years later (see here Christian Klixbiill Jorgensen s contribution about Jannik Bjerrum at this symposium). 

The colors of complex compounds that contain a given metal depend on the ligands. The yellow compound at the left is a saH that contains [CotNHjtef ions. In the next three compounds, left to r ht, one NH3 l and in [CotNHA has been replaced hy NCS [orange), H2O [red), and Cl [purple). The green compound at the r ht is a satt that contains [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ions. 

It was observed that the colors of complexes 55a-c were orange, orange-red, and red, respectively, while complex 53 is light beige-yellow. UV-Vis analysis of complexes 55a-c showed that they absorbed at 421, 452, and 491 ran, respectively, while the wavelength maximmn for complex 53 was around 273 nm. ... 

Although valence bond theory explains the bonding and magnetic properties of complexes, it is limited in two important ways. First, the theory cannot easily explain the color of complexes. Second, the theory is difficult to extend quantitatively. Consequently, another theory—crystal held theory—has emerged as the prevailing view of transition-metal complexes. 

Metal ion (M"") Spot color Color of complex Rf X 100) values... 

Complex Isomer Color of complex spot hRf values ... 

New problems on labeling <7-orbital lobes in various crystal fields and explaining colors of complexes by referring to a color wheel... 

The Color of Complex Ions and Crystal Field Strength... 

Color and the Colors of Complexes 24-8 Aspects of Complex-Ion Equilibria 24-9 Acid-Base Reactions of Complex Ions 24-10 Some Kinetic Considerations 24-11 Applications of Coordination Chemistry... 

EXAMPLE 24-6 Relating the Colors of Complexes to the Spectrochemical Series... 

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