Hydrogen carbonate ions reactions

Hydroxide ion lies below phenol m Table 1 7 hydrogen carbonate ion lies above phe nol The practical consequence of the reactions shown is that NaOH is a strong enough base to convert phenol to phenoxide ion but NaHCOs is not... 

Many important biochemical reactions involve Lewis acid Lewis base chemistry Carbon dioxide is rapidly converted to hydrogen carbonate ion m the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase... 

Verify that the position of equilibrium for the reaction between phenol and hydroxide ion lies to the right by comparing the pK of the acid on the left to the acid on the right. Which acid is stronger Do the same for the reaction of phenol with hydrogen carbonate ion. 

Sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHC03 (sodium bicarbonate), is commonly called bicarbonate of soda or baking soda. The rising action of baking soda in batter depends on the reaction of a weak acid, HA, with the hydrogen carbonate ions ... 

In the human body, carbon dioxide provides the buffer. This is called the carbonic acid-hydrogen carbonate ion buffer system. This buffer system maintains the body s blood pH within acceptable levels. The main threat to the bloods pH is excess hydrogen ions produced by various chemical reactions in the body. When hydrogen ions are produced, hydrogen carbonate ions in the blood pick them up and convert them to carbonic acid ... 

The electrochemical oxidation is often more sensitive to the reaction conditions than to the substituents. Platinum electrodes are recommended for methoxylation and the equivalent acetoxylation procedures.290 In acetonitrile buffered by hydrogen carbonate ion, 3,4-diethylfuran affords the 2,5-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydro derivative (84%) and Jones oxidation readily leads to diethylmaleic anhydride in what is claimed to be the best general method for such conversions.291 In unbuffered methanol and under current density control, the oxidation of 2-methylfuran appears to eliminate the methyl group since the product is the acetal-ester 111 also obtained from methyl 2-furoate.292 If sodium acetate buffer is used, however, the methyl group is retained but oxidized in part to the aldehyde diacetate 112 in a... 

The principal buffer system in blood serum is based on the equilibrium between carbonic acid, H2C03(aq), and the hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO3 . Carbonic acid is unstable, however. It is also in equilibrium with carbon dioxide. Therefore, a second equilibrium reaction is involved in the hydrogen carbonate buffer system in the blood the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid, and its reverse. The two equilibrium reactions are summarized below. 

Bronsted bases, ions or molecules that will take on protons, are generally negative ions or neutral molecules there are a few of such bases that are positively charged, the most important being hydrated cations that have lost protons, for example, Zn(H20)3(0H)+. Basic half-reactions of the hydroxide ion, the sulfate ion, the oxide ion, water, the hydrogen carbonate ion, and the zinc-containing cation, mentioned above, are listed ... 

In different reactions in aqueous solution, the hydrogen carbonate ion can act as an acid or a base. Write the chemical formula of the conjugate acid and the conjugate base of the hydrogen carbonate ion, HC03 (aq). Then complete the following equations. State whether the ion is a Brqnsted-Lowry acid or a base. 

Hansen. i Alkyl carbonate ions, as well as hydrogen carbonate ions were found to be present in the solution. The velocity constants at 0° for the following reaction were ki = 10 and 2 = 0.013. When hydrogen potassium carbonate was dissolved in 2 M glyceritol solution, 8% of the alkyl car-... 

Again, these reactions take place in the aqueous phase. The carbon dioxide exists in three species in the aqueous phase - the molecular form C02, and two ionic forms the bicarbonate ion, also call the hydrogen carbonate ion (HC03 ), and the carbonate ion (CQ,2). 

This reaction prevents a large pH drop in the system. A similar buffering behavior is observed when a base is added to the buffer solution. Here, the OH of the base reacts with the acid, forming more hydrogen carbonate ions ... 

These OH radicals produce several environmentally important oxidation reactions. They can be scavenged primarily by dissolved organic matter, DOM (in waters with high dissolved organic carbon concentration, DOC), or by carbonate and hydrogen carbonate ions (in waters with high alkalinity). The bromide ion is their key scavenger in seawater. Nitrate photolysis is likely to provide a key pathway for the oxidation of different types of DOM. 

Carbonates are componnds containing the carbonate ion. Acid carbonates are compounds containing the hydrogen carbonate ion. Jnst as acid-base reactions are an important type of donble substitution reaction, the reactions of carbonates and acid carbonates with acids are an important subtype of acid-base reaction. 

The solution is filtered, and is then acidified with carbon dioxide, which reverses the above reaction, by forming hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO3- ... 

Alternatively, the hydrogen carbonate ion can act as a base when, for example, it accepts a proton from a hydronium ion in the reaction described by the equation below. 

Hard water can cause problems. When hard water is heated, calcium carbonate is formed from the reaction of calcium ions and hydrogen carbonate ions in the water. Because calcium carbonate is not soluble in water, it forms thick scales inside water heaters and water pipes. These scales often clog pipes and keep the heater from properly heating the water. 

The result of such reactions, of course, is the creation of a hydrocarbon molecule or an increase in the length of the carbon chain in such a molecule by one. Similar increases in chain length can occur when a positively charged hydrogen carbon ion reacts with a neutral hydrocarbon molecule, as in this example ... 

Furthermore, a bacterium has been found that oxidizes ferrous compounds to ferric hydroxide with nitrate and produces nitrite, hydrogen carbonate ion, and proton [reaction (5.13)]. The bacterium is called Ferroglobus placidus, an archaeon growing at 65-95°C (Hafenbradl et al., 1996). This bacterium thus produces ferric hydroxide without molecular oxygen or light. 

In a similar reaction, the hydrogen carbonate ions, HC03, formed when NaHC03 dissolves in water, react to yield hydroxide ions. 

The hydrogen carbonate ion is another example of an amphoteric substance. In the first reaction below, it acts as a Bronsted-Lowry base, and in the second reaction, it acts as a Bronsted-Lowry acid. 

Given the names or formulas for a monoprotic or polyprotic acid and an ionic compound containing hydroxide, carbonate, or hydrogen carbonate ions, write the complete balanced equation that describes the neutralization reaction that takes place between them. 

One role that metal ions play in the active site of enzymes is to stabilize the charges that may be present. For example, the enzyme carbonic an-hydrase, which plays the vital role of assisting the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood, is a metalloenzyme that includes zinc ions, Zn. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to form hydrogen carbonate ions... 

To speed this reaction, the zinc ion interacts with the water molecule to form a hydroxide, as shown in Figure 2. The small highly positively charged zinc ion is well suited to stabilize the negative charge of the hydroxide ion. Once formed, this ion reacts with carbon dioxide to form the hydrogen carbonate ion, which is released, and the Zn is now ready to catalyze another reaction. 

More generally, the reactant need not always be a neutral molecule. It can be an ion such as the hydrogen carbonate ion produced in the preceding reaction. 

---