Hydrogen battery

J. E. Clifford and E. W. Brooman, Asessment of Nickel—Hydrogen Batteries for Terrestrial Solar Applications, SAND80-7191, Sandia National Laboratories, 1981. 

Nickel-Hydrogen, Nickel-Iron, and Nickel-Metal Hydride. First developed for communication satellites in the early 1970s, nickel-hydrogen batteries are durable, require low maintenance, and have a long life expectancy. The major disadvantage is the high initial cost. For these batteries to be a viable option for electric vehicles, mass production techniques will have to be developed to reduce the cost. 

The reaction of hydrogen at the nickel electrode determines the rate of selfdischarge in nickel-hydrogen batteries. 

Nickel—hydrogen batteries offer long cycle life that exceeds that of other maintenance-free secondary battery systems and accordingly makes it suitable for many space applications. Three types of separator materials have been used for aerospace Ni—H2 cells— asbestos (fuel-cell-grade asbestos paper), Zircar (untreated knit ZYK-15 Zircar cloth),and nylon. 

In year 2000, Japan supplied over 90% of the nickel-hydrogen battery separators globally. °... 

T. Sakai, M. Matsuoka and C. Iwakura, Rare earth intermetallics for metal-hydrogen batteries 133... 

Ostwald calculated it at i x lo"" at 25° on the basis of a measurement of the electromotive force of an oxygen-hydrogen battery i. e. in a litre i x gram-molecule... 

Developed in the 1960s, it makes use of different technologies for its electrodes NiO(OH) is from nickel cadmium and H2 from fuel-cell systems. Because of its longer cycle life the main use of the nickel-hydrogen battery is in aerospace applications to replace the nickel cadmium cells. For example, the Hubble Space Telescope launched in 1990 was equipped with nickel-hydrogen cells [12]. 

Nickel-hydrogen batteries (Ni/T ) were developed in 1970 for aerospace applications. These batteries are a combination of the Ni-Cd technology (Ni electrode) and the fuel-cell technology (H2 electrode). They use nickel hydroxide as cathode active material, a hydrogen electrode as anode, and an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide as electrolyte. Asbestos (fuel-cell grade asbestos paper) and Zircar (untreated knit ZYK-15 Zircar cloth) are used... 

Use Ceramic colorant, reagent in analytical chemistry, insecticide for potato plants, catalyst, purification of hydrogen, batteries and electrodes, aromatic acids from cresols, electroplating, solvent for chromic iron ores, desulfurizing oils, rayon, metallurgi-... 

Nickel and its alloys are extensively used in electrochemical applications due to its good corrosion resistance. In battery applications, nickel is used as the positive electrode in nickel-cadmium, nickel-iron, nickel-zinc, and nickel-hydrogen batteries, and as anodes in fuel cells, electrolyte cells and electro-organic syntheses . Because of the importance of nickel in battery applications, electrochemical properties of nickel have been studied for more than IOC years since 1887 when Dun and... 

Besides a direct application of the hydrogen and oxygen electrodes in power sources (fuel cells, metal-air batteries, metal-hydrogen batteries, hydride cells) a application of gasconsuming electrodes consists in the gas-recombination in sealed cells. An application of the electro-catalysts for acidic electrolytes mentioned above could be the elimination of... 

Another likely scenario, without subsidies, is that after a decade of slow progress on hydrogen, battery technology will surpass hydrogen... 

Dunlop, J., Rao, G.M., Yi, T.Y. (1993) NASA Handbook for Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries, NASA Reference Publication, p. 1314. 

Dunlop, J. (1984) Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries, in Handbook of Batteries C Fud Cells, Ch. 4 (ed. D. Linder). McGraw-Hill, New York. 

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