Isoparaffin hydrocarbons

Clenvex AS58 Mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons (Isoparaffins) Castrol 180-200 56-58 A III... 

Properties Gardner < 10 clear to It. opal appearance sol. in usual soivs. good sol. in dearomatized hydrocarbons, isoparaffins dens. 0.89 g/cm vise. 2500-3500 mPa s (60% in dearomatiz HC) acid no. < 2 WorlMDur H43 [Woriee-Chemiej... 

Properties Coloriess d. liq. sol. in cyclomethicone, hydrocarbons, isoparaffins, min. spirits m.w. 226 sp.gr. 0.790 vise. 4 cps ref. index 1.440 Toxicology Acute oral > 5 g/kg nonirritating to eyes mildly irritating to skin non-comedogenic. 

One or more hydrogen atoms can be substituted by a carbon atom or chain of hydrocarbons, in which case they are called isoparaffins or isoalkanes. 

The cetane number of a fuel depends on its hydrocarbon composition. In general, normal paraffins have high cetane numbers, isoparaffins and aromatics have low cetane numbers, and olefins and cycloparaffins fall somewhere in between. Diesel fuels marketed in the United States have cetane numbers ranging between 35 and 65. Most manufacturers specify a minimum cetane number of 40—45. 

Pig. 6. Typical stmctures in lube oil (a) / -paraffin, (b) isoparaffin, (c) cycloparaffin, (d) aromatic hydrocarbon, and (e) mixed aUphatic and aromatic ring... 

Separation of Norma/ and Isoparaffins. The recovery of normal paraffins from mixed refinery streams was one of the first commercial appHcations of molecular sieves. Using Type 5A molecular sieve, the / -paraffins can be adsorbed and the branched and cycHc hydrocarbons rejected. During the adsorption step, the effluent contains isoparaffins. During the desorption step, the / -paraffins are recovered. Isothermal operation is typical. 

Within the VGO saturates, distribution of paraffins, isoparaffins, and naphthenes is highly dependent on the petroleum source. The naphthenes account for roughly 60% of the saturates in a normal cmde oil. However, samples can be found having paraffins from <20 to >80%. In most samples, the / -paraffins from C2Q—are still present in sufficient quantity to be detected as distinct peaks in gc analyses. Some cmde oils show a nearly symmetric pattern of peaks such that each carbon number is present in regular progression up to a maximum around C -j. Other cmde oils show a similar distribution, but have preference for odd-numbered alkanes. Both the distribution and the selectivity toward odd-numbered hydrocarbons are considered to reflect differences in petrogenesis of the cmde oils. Although / -paraffins are distinct in the gc, these usually account for only a few percent of the saturates measured by gc. 

Mascaramatic mascaras have the largest share of the market. Emulsion mascaramatics are cream-type mascaras dispensed from containers that include a closure provided with a wand ending in a small bmsh. In solvent mascaramatics, mascara masses are pigment suspensions in thickened hydrocarbon solvents such as isoparaffins and petroleum distillates. The thickeners include waxes (microcrystalline [63231 -60-7] camauba [8015-86-9] or ouricury [68917-70-4], polymers (hydrogenated polyisobutene [61693-08-1]), and esters (propylene glycol distearate [6182-11-2] or trilaurin [538-24-9]). 

Dry cleaning - Several solvents exist to replace the ozone-depleting solvents that have traditionally been used by the dry cleaning industry. Perchloroethylene has been used for more than three decades. Petroleum solvents, while flammable, can be safely used when appropriate safety precautions are taken. They include white spirit, Stoddard solvent, hydrocarbon solvents, isoparaffins, and n-paraffin. A... 

Kurashov, V. M., Microbiological method for enriching petrol and petroleum products by isoparaffin and aromatic hydrocarbons with simultaneous removal of injurious additives and means for carrying out said method. Patent No. WO0246445. 2002, June 13. 

The second patent [139], also in Russian, with only an English abstract, regards a microbiological conversion method, which results in an enrichment on isoparaffin and aromatic hydrocarbons of the petroleum products. It also states an unclear fact of simultaneously removing inhibitory additives . The abstract specifies the nature of... 

Brown and Huffman [85] reported an investigation of the concentration and composition of nonvolatile hydrocarbons in Atlantic Ocean and nearby waters. Sea water samples were taken at depths of 1 and 10 m and the nonvolatile hydrocarbons were identified by mass spectrometric techniques. The results show that the nonvolatile hydrocarbons in Atlantic and nearby waters contained aromatics at lower concentrations than would be expected if the source of the hydrocarbons were crude oil or petroleum refinery products. Hydrocarbons appeared to persist in the water to varying degrees, with the most persistent being the cycloparaffins, then isoparaffins, and finally the aromatics. 

Flow of Hydrocarbon Phase (Olefin feed and isoparaffins)... 

Saturated hydrocarbons n-Paraffins Isoparaffins and other branched paraffins Cycloparaffins (naphthenes) Condensed cycloparaffins (including steranes, hopanes) Alkyl side chains on ring systems... 

Reforming the conversion of hydrocarbons with low octane numbers into hydrocarbons having higher octane numbers (e.g., the conversion of an n-paraffin into an isoparaffin). 

Figure 5.34 shows the FT-NIR predictive models for total vol% paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics and carbon number distribution for a typical naphtha dataset. Since NIRS can be demonstrated to have sufficient hydrocarbon speciation capability to reproduce the analyzis with the same precision as the GC method, but in a fraction of the time, then a useful process analytical goal has been achieved. 

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