Hydrocarbons flammable gases

Propylene is a colorless gas under normal conditions, has anesthetic properties at high concentrations, and can cause asphyxiation. It does not irritate the eyes and its odor is characteristic of olefins. Propjiene is a flammable gas under normal atmospheric conditions. Vapor-cloud formation from Hquid or vapor leaks is the main ha2ard that can lead to explosion. The autoignition temperature is 731 K in air and 696 K in oxygen (80). Evaporation of Hquid propylene can cause skin bums. Propylene also reacts vigorously with oxidising materials. Under unusual conditions, eg, 96.8 MPa (995 atm) and 600 K, it explodes. It reacts violentiy with NO2, N2O4, and N2O (81). Explosions have been reported when Hquid propylene contacts water at 315—348 K (82). Table 8 shows the ratio TJTp where is the initial water temperature, and T is the superheat limit temperature of the hydrocarbon. 

Another analogous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain just one multiple bond, but, instead of being a double bond, it is a triple bond is the alkynes. The names of all the compounds end in -yne. The only compound m this series that is at all common happens to be an extremely hazardous material. It is a highly unstable (to heat, shock, and pressure), highly flammable gas that is the first compound in the series. This two-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon with a triple bond between its two carbon atoms is called ethyne, and indeed this is its proper name. It is, however, known by its common name, acetylene. 

Substances which react with water to liberate flammable gas, e.g. carbides (liberate acetylene), alkali metals (hydrogen), organometallics (hydrocarbons - see Table 6.8), and where the heat of reaction is sufficient to ignite the gas. Thus metals which are less electronegative than hydrogen (see Table 6.10) will displace this element from water or alcohols, albeit at different rates. 

A flammable hydrocarbon gas that is lighter than air is processed at a small facility. An office building is located 75 ft (15 m) from the processing equipment. Because of the size of the facility, no pipe racks or other significantly sized equipment are in the area that can create confinement or congestion if a release occurs. Further, the flammable gas is processed at low pressures and ambient temperatures. 

C2EL1, a colourless flammable gas first stable member of the olefin series of hydrocarbons. Ethylene-Acrylic Terpolymer... 

Industry literature typically cites concern with open air explosions when 4,536 kgs (10,000 lbs.) or more of flammable gas is released, however, open air explosions at lower amounts of materials are not unheard of. When the release quantity is less than 4,536 kgs (10,000 lbs.), a flash fire is usually the result. The resulting fire or explosion damage can cripple a hydrocarbon processing facility. Extreme care must be taken to prevent the release of hydrocarbon from vessels resulting in vapor releases and resultant blast overpressure. Measures such as hydrotesting, weld inspections, pressure control valves, adequate pressure safety valves, etc., should all be prudently applied. 

All hydrocarbon process areas containing materials with gaseous materials that are not adequately ventilated (i.e., would not achieve a minimum of six air changes per hour or would allow the build up of flammable gas due to noncirculating air space). Typically applications include compressor enclosures, process modules in offshore platforms and enclosed arctic facilities. 

Detonation Velocity-Pressure Over Explosive Relationship. In Dunkle s Syllabus (Ref 4), the effects of temp pressure on the initiation of expln and on its progress are discussed. For example, when hydrocarbon mixts are subjected to high temps pressures, non-flammable gas mixts become expl, mild reactions become violent, and stable gas mixts become spontaneously reactive High temp pressure may facilitate initiation of detonation in a material which ordinarily decomposes quietly ... 

Butenes or butylenes are hydrocarbon alkenes that exist as four different isomers. Each isomer is a flammable gas at normal room temperature and one atmosphere pressure, but their boiling points indicate that butenes can be condensed at low ambient temperatures and/or increase pressure similar to propane and butane. The 2 designation in the names indicates the position of the double bond. The cis and trans labels indicate geometric isomerism. Geometric isomers are molecules that have similar atoms and bonds but different spatial arrangement of atoms. The structures indicate that three of the butenes are normal butenes, n-butenes, but that methylpropene is branched. Methylpropene is also called isobutene or isobutylene. Isobutenes are more reactive than n-butenes, and reaction mechanisms involving isobutenes differ from those of normal butenes. 

Propylene is a colorless, flammable gas that follows ethylene as the second simplest alkene hydrocarbon. It has an odor similar to garlic and has wide use in the chemical industry as an intermediate in the synthesis of other derivatives such as polypropylene, propylene oxide, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and acrylonitrile. The production of propylene is similar to ethylene and is obtained through steam cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. Steam cracking is a process used to break molecules into smaller molecules by injecting the catalysts with steam. 

CSH1S) Compare with alkane i and hydrocarbon. Flammable j liquid compounds found in pe- troleum and natural gas. There are 18 different octanes- they j have different structural formu- las but share the molecular for- mula CgHls. Octane is used as a fuel and as a raw material for building more complex organic molecules. It is the eighth mem-i ber of the alkane series. 

Use and exposure Diborane is a colorless gas at room temperature with a repulsive, sweet odor. It mixes well with air and easily forms explosive mixtures. Diborane will ignite spontaneously in moist air at room temperature and can cause explosions. Diborane is used in rocket propellants and as a reducing agent, a rubber vulcanizer, a catalyst for hydrocarbon polymerization, a flame-speed accelerator, and a doping agent. Diborane is a very toxic and flammable gas used by chemists to make other compounds. It is also used in electronics to impart electrical properties in pure crystals. Industrial workers are exposed to diborane by breathing in its vapors in work areas. - ... 

Flammable gas. Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or powerful oxidizers. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to flame and sparks. Explodes on contact with interhalogens (e.g., bromine trifluoride, bromine pentafluoride), magnesium and alloys, potassium and alloys, sodium and alloys, zinc, Potentially explosive reaction with aluminum when heated to 152° in a sealed container. Mixtures with aluminum chloride + ethylene react exothermically and then explode when pressurized to above 30 bar. May ignite on contact with aluminum chloride or powdered aluminum. To fight fire, stop flow of gas and use CO2, dry chemical, or water spray. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of cr. See also CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC. 

Ethane - An alkane (saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon) with two carbon atoms, CH3CH3. A colorless, odorless, flammable gas. Relatively inactive chemically. Obtained from natural gas. Used in petrochemical synthesis and as fuel. 

Ethylene - An alkene (unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon) with two carbon atoms, CH2=CH2. A colorless, highly flammable gas with a sweet odor. Autoignition point 543°C. Derived by thermal cracking of hydrocarbon gases or from gas synthesis. Used as monomer in polymer synthesis, refrigerants, and anesthetics. Also called ethene. 

PETROLEUM GAS, LIQUIFIED, COMPRESSED (68476-85-7) Highly flammable gas a mixture ofpropane, butane, isobutane, propylene, butylenes, and other flammable hydrocarbon gases of low molecular weight refined from petroleum [explosion limits in air (vol %) 2.2 to 9.5... 

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