Hydraulics calibration

S. D. Trevor, C. Christian, and A. G. Graham, Hydraulic calibration and fluence determination of model ultraviolet disinfection system. Journal of Environmental Engineering 128(11), 1046-1055 (2002). 

A workman, pressure testing pipe work with a hand-operated hydraulic pump, told his foreman ih.n he could i ]( ct llic uauuc reading above 200 psi. The foreman told him to pump harder. He did so bursting the pipeline Hie uiue wus calibrated in atmospheres and not psi. The abbreviation "atm." in small letters was not under,in nl... 

The Vickers hardness test is commonly made on a flat specimen on which the indenter is hydraulically loaded. When the desired number of indentations have been made, the specimen is removed and both diagonals of the indentations, measured using a calibrated microscope, are then averaged. The Vickers hardness number may be calculated, or for standard loads taken from a precalculated table of indentation size vs VHN. The preferred procedures are described in ASTM E92 (2). 

Using an instrumented punch to collect force data is cumbersome because it is limited to a particular punch size and shape. Recalculation to pressure values is not always adequate. One can, however, monitor and record force waveform from a properly calibrated R D grade compression transducer. Once the production press brand, model, speed, and tooling are specified, a waveform can be recorded and then fed into hydraulic simulator. 

I Container with material under investigation 2-bIower 3-U-shaped manometer 4-calibrated nozzle 5-chamber for the flow velocity levelling 6-hydraulic press... 

Bateman and coworkers report a comparative analysis of six different hydraulically powered compaction simulators manufactured by a variety of vendors (Table 1), In their round-robin study, they found that the compaction simulators were comparable when operated within a moderate compression stress range of 50-2(X)MPa. However, at higher pressures, correction factors needed to be applied because of elastic distortion and differences in loading characteristics of the hydraulic systems (5). These results are not surprising since like rotary tablet presses, compaction simulators are not perfectly rigid. Therefore, compaction simulators should be properly calibrated (including corrections for mechanical flexure and electronic noise) to ensure the collection of quality experimental data. 

Further calibrations with respect to cross fault communication within hydraulic compartment II was obtained by re-entering well 7-2 2 years after the initial production test to assess formation pressure recovery relative to the initial drawdown and to perform further testing. The data acquired gave indications of partial pressure communication across intensity zones and small scale (10-20 m throw) faults in the vicinity of the well. 

ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid Power - Calibration of Automatic Particle Counters for Liquids, www.iso.org... 

Figure 9.1. Simulated contours of present-day hydraulic heads (in feet) generated from the calibrated two-dimensional finite difference flow model developed by GeoTrans (1987b). Arrows indicate the directions of groundwater flow. Also shown are the finite difference model and the confined/unconfined aquifer boundaries. Star symbols indicate the two water samples used in inverse modeling.

Studies were made at room temperature (27°C) of the continuous countercurrent extraction of catalytic reformate with sulfolane and with 1,3-dicyanobutane. In this study a 22-stage, 1 inch diameter York-Scheibel extraction column was used. The hydrocarbon mixture was introduced into the bottom of the column, and the polar solvent was introduced at the top of the column. The effluent streams emerged just beyond the feed points. The streams were metered into the column under a hydraulic head plus 2 psi of air from reservoirs through needle valves and calibrated rotameters. The stream rates were well below flooding... 

In the field of applied geological sciences, models frequently assume a primarily prognostic character. For instance, after accomplishing an adequate calibration, an hydraulic model applied... 

Typically, tracer data are used to calibrate certain model parameters, such as recharge rate, hydraulic conductivity, or (effective) porosity (Reilly et al. 1994). Solomon et al. 

Based on manufacturers recommendations and experience, laboratories perform regular preventative maintenance procedures on the analyzers, with some additional maintenance procedures initiated in response to internal quality control performance or analyzer malfunctions. Calibration and quality control performances should always be checked after maintenance visits because replacement parts and disturbances of the optical and hydraulic systems sometimes adversely affect subsequent analyzer performance (sometimes called PMT—postmaintenance visit trauma). These procedures form part of good laboratory practice. 

The task for the DECOVALEX research teams was to predict the THM effects in the buffer material inside the test pit and in the surrounding rock, both during excavation of the test pit and the heater testing. The test case was divided into three main tasks Tasks 2A, 2B. and 2C. Task 2A was to predict the HM effects in the rock cau,sed by the excavation of the test pit. Geometrical, mechanical and hydraulic rock properties, as well as hydraulic conditions before excavation, were given to the research teams, and they were asked to predict water inflow distribution in the test pit. Task 2B was a model calibration of rock and fracture properties and the hydromechanical boundary conditions, based on actual measured results predicted in Task 2A. Task 2C was to predict the THM effects in the rock and buffer during the heating experiment. The rock model was presumed to have properties based on the calibration in Task 2B. with the calibrated permeability distribution in the near-field rock. At... 

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