GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES

M. K. Hubbert, in Resources andMan, National Geological Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1969, Chapt. 8. 

Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846... 

Richard A. Jahnke, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, 10 Ocean Science Circle, Savannah, GA 31411, USA Russell E. McDuff, School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195-7940, USA David R. Montgomery, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, USA... 

The geological sciences are involved in studying the naturally occurring materials of the earth and solar system (i) to understand the fimdamental processes of crustal formation on earth and solar system evolution, and (2) to evaluate the crustal materials of potential economic value to man. Prior to the 1930 s, analyses were carried out exclusively using classical analytical techniques, with detection limits on the order of o.oi-o.i % (mass fraction). The number of elements contained in any sample could be as extensive as the periodic table, but very few of these could be determined. The development of instrumental techniques revolutionized the analysis of geochemical samples, beginning in the 1930 s. 

Applications of geological reference samples to mineral prospecting and economic evaluation of ore potential is the only application with a history dating back before the issuance of G-i and W-i in 1951. It is an area in which data quality or lack thereof has serious economic impacts, hence the very early development of certified reference materials mentioned previously. An extensive study of the state of ore analysis was undertaken by the Institute of Geological Sciences (now the British Geological Survey). Nineteen ores and concentrates, of varied matrix, were distributed to 38 laboratories more than 1532 results were received (Lister and Galagher 1970). 

Department of Geological Sciences University of Minnesota, Duluth Duluth, Minnesota, 55812, U.S.A. 

The second major component of the education of a modern materials chemist in materials synthesis is, of course, in phase equilibria, possibly through the treatment of quaternary systems and P—T—X (pressure—temperature—composition) equilibria. This subject was essentially eliminated from chemistry departments and is taught in the materials and geological science departments. Every student (and professor) aspiring to be a materials chemist will have to master this subject. 

The book focuses on the biogeochemistry of trace elements in arid and semiarid zone soils and includes an introductory chapter on the nature and properties of arid zone soils. It presents an updated overview and a comprehensive coverage of the major aspects of trace elements and heavy metals that are of most concern in the world s arid and semi-arid soils. These include the content and distribution of trace elements in arid soils, their solution chemistry, their solid-phase chemistry, selective sequential dissolution techniques for trace elements in arid soils, the bioavailability of trace elements, and the pollution and remediation of contaminated arid soils. A comprehensive and focused case study on transfer fluxes of trace elements in Israeli arid and semi-arid soils is presented. The book concludes with a discussion of a quantitative global perspective on anthropogenic interferences in the natural trace elements distributions. The elements discussed in this book include Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg, As, Se, Co, B, Mo and others. This book is an excellent reference for students and professionals in the environmental, ecological, agricultural and geological sciences. 

State University of New York-Buffalo, Department of Geological Sciences, Amherst, NY 14226... 

Hay, R. L., 1963, Stratigraphy and zeolitic diagenesis of the John Day formation of Oregon. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, Berkeley, pp.199-261. 

Jiangsu Geological Survey of China. Soil granularity was determined at the China University of Geological Sciences. 

Michigan State University Department of Geological Sciences, 206 Natural Science, East Lansing, Ml 48114 (email ... 

Department of Geological Sciences, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, MSC 3AB, Las Cruces,... 

University of Saskatchewan, Department of Geological Sciences, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5E2... 

Four samples were similarly selected for the EPMA experiments. The samples were dried and embedded in polished epoxy cylindrical plugs. Backscattered electron (BSE) images as well as elemental maps of As, Fe and Ni (EDS/WDS) were collected using a JEOL 8600 Superprobe electron microprobe analyzer (Dept, of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan). 

Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2 CANADA (email jared. etcheverry gmail. com)... 

Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6 CANADA... 

Bowie S.H.U. Plant, J. 1978a. Regional Geochemical Atlas, Shetland. Institute of Geological Science, London. 

Simpson, PR. 1993. Regional Geochemical Atlas, Southern Scotland. Institute of Geological Sciences, Nottingham. 

Key Laboratory of Applied Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 84 Jinguang Road, Langfang,... 

U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, Federal Center, Mall Stop 404, Denver, CO 80225 institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-002 Krakow, Senacka 3, Poland... 

Dept, of Geological Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI... 

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