Hybrid vehicles emissions

Hybrid vehicles operated in the charge depleting mode (battery charged from the wall plug) have total emissions comparable to those of electric vehicles if their all-electric range is 50 mi or greater. Hybrid... 

Another version of the electric vehicle that has been introduced into Japan and is scheduled to be introduced into the United States is a hybrid vehicle with both electric and gasoline engines. Such vehicles have the promise of lower emissions and much longer ranges than can currently be achieved with electric vehicles. 

One of the latest attempts to reduce carbon emissions in cars is the development of the gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle, or hybrid car. A hybrid car uses two sources of energy a traditional, fossil-fuel-powered engine and a battery that stores electrical energy. A hybrid car can burn fossil fuels and run on a traditional engine or, at other times, the car runs on clean electric power. Because it runs partly on electricity, a hybrid emits much less atmospheric carbon dioxide and other pollutants. 

Fontaras G, Pistikopoulos P, Samaras Z (2008) Experimental evaluation of hybrid vehicle fuel economy and pollutant emissions over real-world simulation driving cycles. Atmos Environ 42 4023 035... 

The American automobile industry hopes to bring to the market in 2010 a "plug-in" hybrid vehicle that is able to drive many more miles to the gallon (400) than an economy-car (25). Assume the ICE to have an exergetic well (oil) to wheel efficiency of 14% and the electric motor 20% (from oil to electricity). See Chapter 18. How much is the reduction in C02 emission for the hybrid vehicle with respect to the gasoline driven vehicle ... 

Compressed natural gas, biofuels, hybrid vehicles, fuel-efficient vehicles, and ultra-low-emission vehicles... 

Toyota Motor Corporation releases the Prius - the first mass-produced hybrid low-emission vehicle (LEV)... 

A natural gas fuel cell vehicle running on hydrogen produced from natural gas may have little or no net C02 benefits compared to hybrid vehicles. Natural gas does have major benefits when used to replace coal plants. Coal plants have much lower efficiencies at around 30% compared to natural gas plants at 55%. Compared with natural gas, coal has nearly twice the C02 emissions, while gasoline has about one third more C02 emissions than natural gas. 

As part of an interdisciplinary study we are working on emission control catalysis for an extended parallel hybrid concept [1-5]. The main elements of the experimental car developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology are the combustion engine, operating in a fixed cycle mode, a flywheel as a short term energy storage device, an electrical machine and a continuous variable transmission. One of the features of this hybrid vehicle is the so called intermittent... 

Electrical generators capable of high conversion efficiencies and extremely low exhaust emissions will no doubt power advanced hybrid vehicles and stationary power systems. Fuel cells are generally considered to be ideal devices for these applications... 

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