Depletion charges

Hybrid vehicles operated in the charge depleting mode (battery charged from the wall plug) have total emissions comparable to those of electric vehicles if their all-electric range is 50 mi or greater. Hybrid... 

Figure 7.3 Truncated representation of p versus the distance from the nucleus for a spherically symmetric electron density of a free sulfur atom (3P). (b) Truncated representation of L(r) at the same scale as (a). This function reveals the three shells K, L, and M constituting the sulfur atom. Each shell consists of a region of local charge concentration (dark areas) and a region of local charge depletion (light...

Electrons in the core of an atom are fully localized into spherical shells but not into opposite-spin pairs. In an isolated atom the valence shell electrons are similarly localized into a spherical shell. The Laplacian shows that in each of these spherical shells there is a spherical region of charge concentration and a spherical region of charge depletion. But in these regions there is no localization of electrons of opposite spin into pairs. There are no Lewis pairs or electron pair domains in an inner shell. The domain of each electron is spherical and fully delocalized through the shell. 

It is Lewis complementarity, on the other hand, that is operative when the mating of the molecules is determined by acid-base interactions, one that is described and predicted by the complementary mating of the lumps with the holes in the two associated Laplacian distributions. A molecule s reactive surface is defined by the zero envelope of the Laplacian distribution, the envelope that separates the shells of charge concentration from those of charge depletion. The reactive surfaces make immediately clear the locations of the lumps, the nucleophilic sites, and the holes, the electrophilic sites, that are brought into juxtaposi-... 

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