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Orbital, hybrid

It should be stressed that these polarized orbital pairs are not the same as hybrid orbitals. The latter are used to deseribe direeted bonding, but polarized orbital pairs are eaeh a mixture of two mean-field orbitals with... [Pg.2166]

This is an example of a Mobius reaction system—a node along the reaction coordinate is introduced by the placement of a phase inverting orbital. As in the H - - H2 system, a single spin-pair exchange takes place. Thus, the reaction is phase preserving. Mobius reaction systems are quite common when p orbitals (or hybrid orbitals containing p orbitals) participate in the reaction, as further discussed in Section ni.B.2. [Pg.346]

When elements in Period 2 form covalent bonds, the 2s and 2p orbitals can be mixed or hybridised to form new, hybrid orbitals each of which has. effectively, a single-pear shape, well suited for overlap with the orbital of another atom. Taking carbon as an example the four orbitals 2s.2p.2p.2p can all be mixed to form four new hybrid orbitals (called sp because they are formed from one s and three p) these new orbitals appear as in Figure 2.9. i.e. they... [Pg.55]

The element before carbon in Period 2, boron, has one electron less than carbon, and forms many covalent compounds of type BX3 where X is a monovalent atom or group. In these, the boron uses three sp hybrid orbitals to form three trigonal planar bonds, like carbon in ethene, but the unhybridised 2p orbital is vacant, i.e. it contains no electrons. In the nitrogen atom (one more electron than carbon) one orbital must contain two electrons—the lone pair hence sp hybridisation will give four tetrahedral orbitals, one containing this lone pair. Oxygen similarly hybridised will have two orbitals occupied by lone pairs, and fluorine, three. Hence the hydrides of the elements from carbon to fluorine have the structures... [Pg.57]

It is sometimes convenient to combine aos to form hybrid orbitals that have well defined directional character and to then form mos by combining these hybrid orbitals. This recombination of aos to form hybrids is never necessary and never provides any information that could be achieved in its absence. However, forming hybrids often allows one to focus on those interactions among directed orbitals on neighboring atoms that are most important. [Pg.162]

As proven in Chapter 13.Ill, this two-configuration description of Be s electronic structure is equivalent to a description is which two electrons reside in the Is orbital (with opposite, a and (3 spins) while the other pair reside in 2s-2p hybrid orbitals (more correctly, polarized orbitals) in a manner that instantaneously correlates their motions ... [Pg.234]

Mix four atomic orbitals to produce four hybrid orbitals... [Pg.65]

FIGURE 2 8 sp Hybridization (a) Electron configuration of carbon in its most stable state (b) Mixing the s orbital with the three p orbitals generates four sp hybrid orbitals The four sp hybrid orbitals are of equal energy therefore the four valence electrons are distributed evenly among them The axes of the four sp orbitals are directed toward the corners of a tetrahedron... [Pg.65]

FIGURE 2 10 The C—C ct bond in ethane pictured as an overlap of a half filled sp orbital of one carbon with a half filled sp hybrid orbital of the other... [Pg.67]

Ethylene is planar with bond angles close to 120° (Figure 2 15) therefore some hybridization state other than sp is required The hybridization scheme is determined by the number of atoms to which carbon is directly attached In sp hybridization four atoms are attached to carbon by ct bonds and so four equivalent sp hybrid orbitals are required In ethylene three atoms are attached to each carbon so three equivalent hybrid orbitals... [Pg.89]

Each carbon of ethylene uses two of its sp hybrid orbitals to form ct bonds to two hydrogen atoms as illustrated m the first part of Figure 2 17 The remaining sp orbitals one on each carbon overlap along the mternuclear axis to give a ct bond connecting the two carbons... [Pg.90]

FIGURE 2 17 The carbon-carbon double bond in ethylene has a cr component and a tt compo nent The cr component arises from overlap of sp hybridized orbitals along the internuclear axis The tt component results from a side by side overlap of 2p orbitals... [Pg.91]

Because each carbon m acetylene is bonded to two other atoms the orbital hybridization model requires each carbon to have two equivalent orbitals available for CT bonds as outlined m Figure 2 19 According to this model the carbon 2s orbital and one of Its 2p orbitals combine to generate two sp hybrid orbitals each of which has 50% s character and 50% p character These two sp orbitals share a common axis but their major lobes are oriented at an angle of 180° to each other Two of the original 2p orbitals remain unhybridized... [Pg.92]

Section 2 6 Bonding m methane is most often described by an orbital hybridization model which is a modified form of valence bond theory Four equiva lent sp hybrid orbitals of carbon are generated by mixing the 2s 2p 2py and 2p orbitals Overlap of each half filled sp hybrid orbital with a half filled hydrogen Is orbital gives a ct bond... [Pg.95]


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Acetylene hybrid atomic orbitals

Acetylene, bond angles sp hybrid orbitals

Alcohol hybrid orbitals

Alkenes hybrid orbitals

Amine hybrid orbitals

Ammonia hybrid orbitals

Ammonia orbital hybridization

An Orbital Hybridization View of Bonding in Benzene

Atomic Orbital Hybridization at Surfaces Hydration Energies

Atomic orbitals and hybridization

Atomic orbitals hybrid

Atomic orbitals hybridization

Atomic orbitals hybridized

Atomic orbitals sp hybrid

Atomic orbitals, combining hybridization

Axial hybrid orbitals

Benzene orbital hybridization model

Beryllium chloride hybrid orbitals

Beryllium hydride hybrid orbitals

Bonding II Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Bonding in Methane and Orbital Hybridization

Boron trifluoride hybrid orbitals

Butane hybrid orbitals

Carbon atom hybridized orbitals

Carbon compounds bonding orbital hybridization

Carbon dioxide hybrid orbitals

Carbon monoxide hybrid orbitals

Carbon sp hybrid orbitals

Carbon sp2 hybrid orbitals

Carbon sp3 hybrid orbitals

Carbon valence orbitals hybridization

Central atom concepts hybridized orbitals

Chemical Bonding II Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Construction of hybrid orbitals

Covalent bonding Hybrid orbitals Lewis

Covalent molecules orbital hybridization

D -p hybrid orbitals

D Orbitals hybridization

D2sp3 hybrid orbitals

Double bond, hybrid orbitals

Dsp hybrid orbitals

Dsp2 hybrid orbitals

Dsp3 hybrid orbitals

Eigenvectors, hybrid orbitals

Electron Repulsion and Bond Angles. Orbital Hybridization

Electron configuration and orbital hybridization

Electron orbitals hybrid

Equatorial hybrid orbitals

Equivalent hybrid orbitals

Ethane hybrid atomic orbitals

Ethane hybrid orbitals

Ethane orbital hybridization

Ethane, bond angles sp3 hybrid orbitals

Ethene orbital hybridization

Ethers Hybrid orbital

Ethylene hybrid atomic orbitals

Ethylene hybrid orbitals

Ethyne orbital hybridization

F// hybrid orbitals

Fixed hybrid orbitals

Generalized hybrid orbital

Generalized hybrid orbital method

Highest occupied molecular orbital hybridization

Hybrid Bond Orbitals

Hybrid Orbital Summary

Hybrid Orbitals Bonding in Complex Molecules

Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene

Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethane

Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene

Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Methane

Hybrid atomic orbital

Hybrid atomic orbitals Hybridization energy

Hybrid frozen orbital

Hybrid molecular orbitals

Hybrid orbital Hybridization

Hybrid orbital approach

Hybrid orbital composition and orientation

Hybrid orbital defined

Hybrid orbital method

Hybrid orbital nonorthogonality functions

Hybrid orbital number

Hybrid orbital sets

Hybrid orbital sp hybridization

Hybrid orbital sp3d hybridization

Hybrid orbital sp3d2 hybridization

Hybrid orbital theory

Hybrid orbital, definition

Hybrid orbitals Hybridization

Hybrid orbitals Hybridization

Hybrid orbitals Hydrates

Hybrid orbitals Hydrazine

Hybrid orbitals INDEX

Hybrid orbitals Subject

Hybrid orbitals VSEPR theory

Hybrid orbitals bonding

Hybrid orbitals building procedure

Hybrid orbitals carbon

Hybrid orbitals carbon radical

Hybrid orbitals construction

Hybrid orbitals electron-group geometry

Hybrid orbitals energies

Hybrid orbitals for

Hybrid orbitals formation

Hybrid orbitals geometric orientations

Hybrid orbitals geometrical constructions

Hybrid orbitals geometry

Hybrid orbitals hybridization tetrahedron

Hybrid orbitals hybridization, overview

Hybrid orbitals illustrated

Hybrid orbitals in carbon

Hybrid orbitals in oxygen and nitrogen

Hybrid orbitals lone electron pairs

Hybrid orbitals lone pair

Hybrid orbitals lone-pair problem

Hybrid orbitals maximum overlap

Hybrid orbitals metals

Hybrid orbitals methods

Hybrid orbitals methyl compounds

Hybrid orbitals naming

Hybrid orbitals nitrogen

Hybrid orbitals notation

Hybrid orbitals octahedral

Hybrid orbitals of boron

Hybrid orbitals orbital regions

Hybrid orbitals orthogonal

Hybrid orbitals orthogonal sets

Hybrid orbitals other types

Hybrid orbitals overlap

Hybrid orbitals overlap between

Hybrid orbitals oxygen

Hybrid orbitals percent -character

Hybrid orbitals percent s-character

Hybrid orbitals shape

Hybrid orbitals sp hybrids

Hybrid orbitals structures

Hybrid orbitals summary

Hybrid orbitals table

Hybrid orbitals tetrahedral

Hybrid orbitals the valence bond model

Hybrid orbitals trigonal

Hybrid orbitals trigonal bipyramidal

Hybrid orbitals, 385, triple bonds

Hybrid orbitals, creation

Hybrid orbitals, radical configuration

Hybrid orbitals, representation

Hybrid orbitals, symmetry

Hybrid orbitals, wavefunctions

Hybrid orbitals: of silicon

Hybridization and orbital size

Hybridization dsp3 hybrid orbitals

Hybridization dsp3 orbitals

Hybridization hybrid atomic orbital

Hybridization matrix, hybrid orbitals

Hybridization molecular orbitals and

Hybridization of and d Orbitals

Hybridization of atomic orbitals

Hybridization of d orbitals

Hybridization of s and p orbitals

Hybridization of s, p, and d Orbitals

Hybridization orbital theory

Hybridization schemes involving d orbitals

Hybridization sp Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene

Hybridization sp orbitals

Hybridization sp2 orbitals

Hybridization sp3 orbitals

Hybridization, of orbitals

Hybridization, orbital energies

Hybridized orbital

Hybridized orbital method

Hybridized orbitals Hydrated

Hybridized orbitals species

Hybrids involving d orbitals

Hybrids with d-orbital participation

Hydrogen hybrid orbitals

Linear arrangement hybrid orbitals

Linear shape hybrid orbitals

Localised hybrid orbitals

Localized electron model hybrid orbitals

Maximum overlap, hybrid orbitals methods

Metallic Radii and Hybrid Bond Orbitals

Methane hybrid orbital

Methane hybrid orbital description

Methane hybrid orbitals

Methane orbital hybridization

Methanol hybrid orbitals

Methanol orbital hybridization

Methyl radical hybrid orbitals

Methylamine, bond angles sp3 hybrid orbitals

Models hybrid orbitals

Molecular formula hybrid orbitals and

Molecular orbitals hybridized orbital method

Molecules hybrid orbitals

Natural Hybrid Orbitals

Natural hybrid orbital

Natural hybrid orbital comparison

Natural hybrid orbital composition

Natural hybrid orbital definition

Natural hybrid orbitals, NHO

Nitrogen orbital hybridization

Nomenclature hybrid orbitals

Octahedral arrangement hybrid orbitals

Octahedral shape hybrid orbitals

On Hybrid Orbitals in Momentum Space

Orbital functionals and other nonlocal approximations hybrids, Meta-GGA, SIC, OEP, etc

Orbital hybrid bond

Orbital hybridization

Orbital hybridization

Orbital hybridization 446 INDEX

Orbital hybridization alkyl halides

Orbital hybridization allenes

Orbital hybridization aniline

Orbital hybridization benzene

Orbital hybridization carbenes

Orbital hybridization carbocations

Orbital hybridization ethylene

Orbital hybridization formaldehyde

Orbital hybridization free radicals

Orbital hybridization in acetylene and alkynes

Orbital hybridization in alkadienes

Orbital hybridization in alkyl halides

Orbital hybridization in allenes

Orbital hybridization in aniline

Orbital hybridization in benzene

Orbital hybridization in carbenes

Orbital hybridization in carbocations

Orbital hybridization in ethane

Orbital hybridization in ethylene and alkenes

Orbital hybridization in formaldehyde

Orbital hybridization in free radicals

Orbital hybridization lone pair

Orbital hybridization methylamine

Orbital hybridization notation

Orbital properties hybrid orbitals

Orbital, atomic hybridized

Orbital-specific hybrid functional

Orbitally anisotropic hybridization

Orbitals Hybridization Molecular

Orbitals and Hybridization States

Orbitals and Hybridization in Electron-Sharing Bonds of Transition Metals

Orbitals and sp hybridization

Orbitals hybrid

Orbitals hybrid

Orbitals hybrid atomic orbital

Orbitals hybrid, molecular geometry

Orbitals hybridization

Orbitals hybridization

Orbitals hybridization and

Orbitals, hybridized

Orbitals, hybridized

Overlap matrix, hybrid orbitals

Ozone hybrid orbitals

P orbitals hybridization

Pauling hybrid-orbital theory

Polyatomic molecules orbital hybridization

Quaternion form of the hybrid orbitals and hybridization tetrahedra

Reducible representations hybrid orbitals

S Orbitals hybridization

Semiempirical molecular orbital theory mechanical hybrids

Sigma hybrid orbitals

Silicon-hybridized orbitals

Skill 1.3c-Predict molecular geometries using Lewis dot structures and hybridized atomic orbitals, e.g., valence shell electron pair repulsion model (VSEPR)

Sp hybrid orbital

Sp hybrid orbitals

Sp hybridized orbitals

Sp1 hybrid orbitals

Sp2 hybrid orbital

Sp2 hybrid orbitals

Sp2 or sp3 hybrid orbitals

Sp2d hybrid orbitals

Sp3 hybrid atomic orbitals

Sp3 hybrid orbital

Sp3 hybrid orbitals

Sp3d hybrid orbitals

Sp3d2 hybrid orbital

Sp3d2 hybrid orbital structure

Sp3d2 hybrid orbitals

Specification hybrid orbitals

Spectroscopy hybrid orbitals

Sulfur hexafluoride hybrid orbitals

Tetrahedral arrangement hybrid orbitals

Tetrahedral shape hybrid orbitals

The hybridization model and two-center molecular orbitals

The mathematical form of hybrid orbitals

The sp (n 1-3) hybrid orbitals

Transformation, unitary, hybrid orbitals

Transition metal complexes (coordination hybrid orbitals

Trigonal bipyramidal arrangement hybrid orbitals

Trigonal planar arrangement hybrid orbitals

Trigonal planar shape hybrid orbitals

Triple bonds hybrid orbitals and

Types of Hybrid Orbitals

Use and misuse of the hybrid orbital concept

Valence Bond (VB) Theory and Orbital Hybridization

Valence bond theory Bonding orbital hybridization

Valence bond theory hybrid orbitals

Valence bond theory hybridization of atomic orbitals

Valence bond theory orbital hybridization

Valence bond theory orbital hybridization schemes

Valence natural hybrid orbitals

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory orbital hybridization

Water hybrid orbitals

What are hybrid orbitals

What is orbital hybridization

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