Hybrid fabrics

Tussah or wild silk is obtained from caterpillars that are not cultivated, living naturally on mulberry, cherry, or oak trees. The cocoons are gathered by and processed by hand, resulting in an uneven and irregular product. Tussah is tan or brownish, depending on where the caterpillar had been living and what it had been eating. Tussah is often mixed with other fibers to produce hybrid fabrics. 

While further work is continuing with quartz fabric, the data reported here and elsewhere(4,7) indicates that all other factors being equal, a quartz fabric reinforced laminate will produce TCEs that are higher than if Kevlar fabric were used. Further work is also indicated in the general area of hybrid fabrics such as combinations of Kevlar/fiberglass and Kevlar/quartz. 

Superior mechanical properties, including impact strength and resistance to delamination, are claimed for reinforced plastics made from three-dimensional fabrics [1], Other reinforcement forms include continuous swirl mat, designed to have a minimum of fibre ends, and hybrid fabrics containing two different reinforcing fibres, for example, glass and aramid. There are many different ways in which two different fibres can be combined together. 

K Schulte, E Reese and T W Chou, Fatigue behaviour and damage development in woven fabric and hybrid fabric composites . Proceedings ICCM VI, London, Elsevier Applied Science, 1987, pp 4.89-4.99. 

Chen X, Zhou Y, Wells G. Numerical and experimental investigations into ballistic performance of hybrid fabric panels. Compos B Eng 2013 58 35-42. 

Jang J, Kim H, Improvement of carbon fibre/peek hybrid fabric composites using plasma treatment, Polymer Composites, 18(1), 125-132, 1997. 

M.V.de Souza, S.N. Monteiro and J.R.M. d Almeida, Effect of the shear and coupling elements of the Aij and Dij matrices on the impact behavior of glass, aramid and hybrid fabric composites. Compos. Struct. 76,345-351 (2006). 

Hybrid fabrics containing two or more fibres, are available and permit greater subtlety in reinforcement placement and orientation than may be obtained from a single fibre. 

Hybrid fabric n. Fabric for composite manufacture in which two or more different yarns are used in the fabric construction. This provides design flexibility to meet performance requirements and controls cost by permitting some lower priced fibers to be used. 

Note that depending on the resin system used in VARTM, the mold temperature may need to be elevated during the curing q cle of the VARTM process. For a large or complex composite part (with inserts, hybrid fabric systems, co-cured parts, etc.), multiple injection lines and vents could be used to improve the resin infusion. The flow distribution medium layer could also be placed in different patterns to create versatile resin infusion paths that can promote the resin infusion quality of a large or complex composite part. 

Moreover, there were other reports on the electrospun PI composite Qin et al. reported the fluorescent performance of electrospun PI web mixed with hemicyanine dye (Figure 9), pointed out that the nano fiber structure were helpful to the fluorescence (Qin et al., 2009) Cheng et al. reported the preparation of nonwoven Pl/silica hybrid fabrics by combining electrospinning and controlled in situ sol-gel techniques, their product had better mechanical and thermal properties than ordinary PI electrospun fabrics (Cheng et al., 2009). 

Figure 6.5 Incorporation of conductive wires into textiles for wearable biosensors (http //dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005135763). (a) PETEX hybrid fabric, (b) Electrical circuits based on PETEX fabric, (c) The establishment of connection between crossing wires involves three steps, coating removal and wire cut, applying of conductive adhesive, and epoxy resin...

Figure 13.1 (a) Biaxial fabric from Selcom Multiaxial Technology, Italy, (b) Triaxial fabric structure from Selcom Multiaxial Technology, Italy, (c) Quadriaxial hybrid fabric from Selcom Multiaxial Technology, Italy. 

Researchers at the Electronics Department and the Wearable Computing Laboratory at the ETH in Zurich demonstrated another approach to develop a fabric circuit board. They started from a plain woven textile structure consisting of polyester (PET) monofilament yam twisted with copper thread and they developed a hybrid fabric called PETEX (Locher, 2006). In detail, PET yams have a diameter of 42 pm and copper alloy wires have 50pm (Fig. 4.12A). 

J.C. Norman and C. Zweben, Kevlar 49/Thomel 300 Hybrid Fabric Composites for Aerospace Applications, SAMPE Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 4, July 1976, pp. 1—10. 

Fine fabrics are also available in prepreg form and these fabrics are typically carbon or glass or some other hybrid fabric. Typical properties are listed in Table 4.13 for a fine carbon fabric. 

Figure 3.7 Synthesis of chain-end-functionalised glycopolymers via cyanoxyl-mediated free radical polymerisation and representative scheme of glycopolymer protein hybrid fabrication. Reproduced with permission from X.L. Sun, K.M. Faucher, M. Houston,...

Staude, L, Decker, M., Renner, M.,Waller, E., Neshev, D.N., von Freymann, G., Kivshar,Y.S., 2013. Hybrid fabrication of tapered gold double-helices for near infrared frequencies. In CLEO QELS-fundamental Science. Optical Society of America, p. QW3N-7. 

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