Fabric, three-dimensional

The expense in preparation derives from the need for high purity products. The cost in fabricating three-dimensional shapes of SiC, SijN or BN arises from the need to sinter powders of these materials at high temperatures (>1500°C) and often under high pressure. Coatings of these materials are at present produced by chemical or... 

Later in this review we will return to the topic of reactive ion etching as it pertains to the topic of fabricating three-dimensional optical circuits that require the production of vertical transitions. 

FIGURE 12.10 Schematic of the oxide (alkoxides) or nonoxide (polymers) matrix precursors infiltration for fabricating three-dimensional reinforced composites. (After Reference 87.)... 

The reverse-imprinting technique can potentially offer a simple method to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) polymer nanostructures. Such 3D structure can be achieved by simply repeating the process and building up the structure in a layer-by-layer fashion. An example of imprinted three-layer nanostructure, using three different polymers with progressively lower Tg, is shown in Fig. Note that this approach can... 

Fabric, three-dimensional See Three-Dimensional Reinforcements... 

Reinforcements are available in various physical forms - filament bundles, short chopped fibres, woven fabrics, three-dimensional fabrics, resin-impregnated filaments, and so on. There is often a surface treatment applied, which fulfils several purposes, such as to protect against abrasion and promote adhesion to the matrix. 

Suspensions stabilized by comb polymers may serve as colloid-based inks for fabricating three-dimensional structures. 

S. Jeon, et al.. Optically fabricated three dimensional nanofluidic mixers for microfluidic devices. Nano Lett., 2005, 5, 1351-1356. 

King, R.W., 1976. Apparatus for fabricating three-dimensional fabric material. U.S. Patent 3955602A. 

Composite elements with Portland cement matrices and textile reinforcement have been used for some time as thin roof plates, partition walls, cladding, and the like. Some discussion of textile reinforcement is presented in Section 5.9. As well as systems of plane fabrics, three-dimensional (3D) reinforcement is also manufactured and there have been tests of elements with 3D carbon fibre reinforcement (Zia et al. 1992). 

Jeon, S., Malyarchuk, V., Rogers, J.A., and Wiederrecht, G.P. (2006) Fabricating three dimensional nanostructures using two photon lithography in a single exposure step. Opt. Express, 14 (6), 2300-2308. 

Femtosecond pulsed lasers have been used to manufacture photonic devices (splitters, interferometers, etc.) and gratings. An ultrafast-laser driven micro-explosion method using a tightly focused femtosecond laser was exploited to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) void-based diamond lattice photonic crystals in a low refractive index polymer material (solid resin) [62]. 

The terms used in technical literature on 3-D textiles often describe different things by the same name. One has to distinguish between 3-D structures and 3-D geometries of a textile fabric. Three-dimensional structures are volume-producing arrangements of at least three thread systems or preferred thread directions in which a rectangular system of coordinates cannot be arranged in a way so that one of the... 

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