Hybrid fabric system

Note that depending on the resin system used in VARTM, the mold temperature may need to be elevated during the curing q cle of the VARTM process. For a large or complex composite part (with inserts, hybrid fabric systems, co-cured parts, etc.), multiple injection lines and vents could be used to improve the resin infusion. The flow distribution medium layer could also be placed in different patterns to create versatile resin infusion paths that can promote the resin infusion quality of a large or complex composite part. 

Mardilovich, E, Rontkevitch, D. and Govyadinov, A. (2000), Hybrid micromachining and surface microstructuring of alumina surface , Conf. Proc. of Micro fabricated Systems and MEMS V, 198 ECS Meeting, pp. 33-42. 

These multicapsules, also called capsosomes, can be used in the design and fabrication of artificial cells or organelles with therapeutic purposes [231]. The combination of liposomes and polymers layers allows one to obtain hybrid cargo systems with the advantages of both type of materials, but that overcome some of the limitation associated to the individual materials (e.g. mechanical stability of the liposomes). Furthermore, an important advantage of these multicapsules is the possibility to introduce several functionalities in the systems, that opens important challenge in the future development of drug delivery platforms. 

Such hybrid molecules and supramolecular solids offer the promise of systems with the flexibility, strength, toughness, and ease of fabrication of polymers, with the high temperature oxidative stability of ceramics, and the electrical or catalytic properties of metals. Polyphosphazene chemistry provides an illustration of what is possible in one representative hybrid system. 

Several protein assemblies have successfully been fabricated on the solid surfaces sifter the bioinformation transduction. These include the following molecular systems molecularly interfaced redox enzymes on the electrode surfaces, calmodulin / protein hybrides, and ordered antibody array on protein A. These protein assemblies find a wider application in various fields such as biosensors, bioreactors, and intelligent materials. 

Siemens-Westinghouse Power Corporation of Pittsburgh, PA developed and fabricated the first advanced power plant to combine a solid oxide fuel cell and a gas turbine. The microturbine generator was manufactured by Northern Research and Engineering Corporation of Woburn, Mass. The factory acceptance test was completed in April 2000. Southern California Edison will operate the new hybrid plant at The National Fuel Cell Research Center at the University of California-Irvine. A year of testing in a commercial setting will be performed at this site. The system cycle is expected to generate electric power at 55 % efficiency. 

A typical DNA array fabrication and application process involves three major steps. First, nucleic acids (the capture sequences or probes) are immobilized at discrete positions on surface activated substrates. Secondly, the resulting array is hybridized with a complex mixture of fluorescently labelled nucleic acids (the target), and thirdly subsequent to hybridization, the fluorescent markers are detected using a high-resolution scanning laser that quantifies the interaction. This chapter focuses on the first of these processes and provides the reader with an overview of substrates, surface activation methods and dehvery systems available for nucleic acid immobilization. 

We further addressed the use of the nucleic acids as biopolymers for the formation of supramolecular structures that enable the electronic or electrochemical detection of DNA. Specifically, we discussed the use of aptamer/low-molecular-weight molecules or aptamer/protein supramolecular complexes for the electrical analysis of the guest substrates in these complexes. Also, nucleic acid-NPs hybrid systems hold a great promise as sensing matrices for the electrical detection of DNA in composite three-dimensional assemblies. While sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors for DNA were fabricated, the integration of these sensor configurations in array formats (DNA chips) for the multiplexed analysis of many DNAs can also be envisaged. 

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