Human toxicity potential

Human Toxicity Potential. As for aquatic toxicity, the database for human toxicity potential is still being established but is based on acceptable daily doses. The total potential is the sum of potentials released to different media. 

Effect analysis. The CalTOX scheme can calculate cancer and non-cancer human toxicity potential (HTP) values for air and surface water emissions of 330 compounds. However, more information concerning the HTP and toxicity of a compound are available in the next chapter. 

Hertwich EG, Mateles SF, Pease WS, McKone TE (2001) Human toxicity potentials for life cycle assessment and toxics release inventory risk screening. Environ Toxicol Chem 20 928-939... 

Historically, in vitro cytotoxicity tests have not been effective in predicting human toxicity potential [11]. This has been attributable largely to insufficiency of duration of... 

Recent studies indicate the concentration of drug needed for assessment of human toxicity potential [4, 33]. At a concentration of 30 j,M, 60% of drugs with human toxicity potential were identified, whereas 100 j,M identified about 80%. These concentrations are considerably lower, that is, the assay is more sensitive than previous reported assays [12, 15, 16, 35]. Assessment of toxicity potential was more accurate when the concentration of dmg tested was based on multiples of the total efficacious concentration C sx for marketed drugs), with 80% of cytotoxicities being detected at a concentration of 30 times the efficacious concentration. 

Human toxicity potential by either inhalation or dermal exposure (HTPE). 

HTPE - human toxicity potential by inhalation or dermal exposure,... 

Human cancer and Release of toxic and car- Environmental fate and A dose to humans in Increases in human Human Toxicity Potential... 

Level 3 - Facility environmental and human health effect metrics, which go beyond the quantities of inputs and outputs and look into their potential effects on human health and the environment (e.g., human toxicity potential, global warming potential, acidification potential, and so on) ... 

Human toxicity potential (HTP) [57-60] Emissions to land, air and water which are harmful to human health Heavy metals and dioxins... 

Human toxicity potential is calculated in kg and takes into account the releases of materials toxic to humans in air (A), water (W) and soil (S) based on human toxicological factors. 

O Brien PJ (2014) High-content analysis in toxicology screening substances for human toxicity potential, elucidating subcellular mechanisms and in vivo use as translational safety biomarkers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 115, 4-17. 

The assumption here is that unexamined aspects are neutrally affected by changes in the process described, but if tradeoffs were created a decision maker would have to decide the relative importance of process attributes [4]. An example to show the sustainabdity-based hierarchical approach will be presented next, using chlor-alkali production with a focus on economics and human toxicity potential. 

EXAMPLE CHLOR-ALKALI PRODUCTION WITH HUMAN TOXICITY POTENTIAL ANALYSIS... 

Emission factor units are per metric ton of chlorine product. HTPI, Human toxicity potential by ingestion jyD, reference dose. 

An analysis was accompHshed using toxicity characterization factors for human toxicity potential by ingestion, from the WAR algorithm [49] as shown in... 

Table 3.1. Based on reciprocal LD50 values divided by an average wdue for the category, the characterization factors for mercury, benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and hexane were determined. These PEI do not represent end effects, but only relative scores of potential effects among the set of pollutants. Using these scores in Eq. [3.1], a series of human toxicity potential profiles can be shown in Fig. 3.5. The results show that the toxicity potentials are dominated by mercury from the mercury process and the mercury toxicity potential remains h h because mercury as an element does not biodegrade. It is important to reahze in using a single characterization factor for mercury that mercury exists in many reacted forms, so it will not actually remain constant over time. However,...

Figure 3.5 Potential environmental impact (PEI) profiles for amounts of pollutants with biodegradation described by half-life in the water compartment. Bold lines represent mercury process pollutants light gray lines represent diaphragm process pollutants. PEI have been calculated using the waste reduction algorithm to present human toxicity potential by ingestion.

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