Human performance evaluation

In some organizations, designated individuals have specific responsibility for eliciting detailed information from operational staff on the immediate and underlying causes of incidents. An example is the Human Performance Evaluation System (HPES) developed for the nuclear industry, which is described in Bishop and Larhette (1988). These coordinators provide a certain level of guaranteed irrununity from sanctions which allows individuals to be frank about the contributory causes that they may not be willing to discuss in an open forum. As discussed earlier, the need for this approach is a consequence of the fact that in many organizations a blame culture exists which is likely to inhibit a free flow of information about the causes of accidents. 

Human performance evaluations (HPE) Use whenever people have been identified as being involved in the problem cause Thorough analysis None if process is closely followed Requires HPE training... 

Human Performance Evaluation identifies feetors that influence task performance. The focus of this analysis method is on operability, work environment, and management factors. Man-machine interfece studies... 

Human factors covers all biomedical and psychosocial considerations it includes, but is not limited to, principles and applications in the areas of human engineering, personnel selection, training, life support, job performance aids, and human performance evaluation. It is important to fully understand human factors in order to design systems that operate optimally and safely, considering the innate and error prone nature of the human operator. 

Qualitative assessment Determine performance requirements Evaluate performance situation Specify performance objectives Identify potential human errors Model human performance... 

The PRA procedures guide, NUREG/ CR-23(X), partitions human reliability analysis (HRA) into four phases (Figure 4.5-1). The familiarization phase, evaluates a sequence of events to identify human actions that directly affect critical process components. From plant visits and review, this part of HRA identifies plant-specific factors that affect human performance such as good or bad procedures used in the. sequence under consideration. The familiarization phase notes items overlooked during systems evaluation. 

Kamphorst, J., Cucurull-Sanchez, L. and Jones, B. (2007) A performance evaluation of mtdtiple classification models of human PEPTl inhibitors and noninhibitors. QSAR ei Combinatorial Science, 26, 220-226. 

Knnsman, G.W., Manno, J.E., Manno, B.R., Kunsman, C.M., Przekop, M.A. The use of microcomputer-based psychomotor tests for the evaluation of benzodiazepine effects on human performance a review with emphasis on temazepam. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 34, 289-301, 1992. 

The Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research Program (PETER), jointly sponsored by the U.S. Navy and NASA, attempted to identify measures of human cognitive, perceptual, and motor abilities that would be sensitive to environmental perturbations that are associated with decrements in safety and productivity. An extensive collection of literature yielded more them 140... 

Patterson DG Jr, Turner WE, Isaacs SG, et al. 1990. A method performance evaluation and lessons learned after analyzing more than 5,000 human adipose tissue, serum, and breast milk samples for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Chemosphere 20 829-863. 

A considerable amount of work has been performed evaluating the effects of PCA and its salts in vitro. However, surprisingly only a limited amount of work has been reported on the influence of PCA topically applied on human skin. In one such study Middleton and Roberts90 demonstrated that lotions containing PCA were more effective at treating dry skin compared to a placebo lotion. 

But what are the real reasons that organizations conduct annual performance evaluations In a survey sponsored jointly by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) and Personnel Decisions International (PDl) in 2000, the number one answer by survey participants was to provide information to employees about their performance and to clarify organizational expectations of employees (Table 7.1). At the bottom of the list were documenting performance for employee records and gathering information for promotion decisions. 

Lorge, E., Lambert, C., Gervais, V, Becourt-Lhote, N., Delongeas, J. L., and Claude, N. (2007). Genetic toxicity assessment Employing the best science for human safety evaluation. Part II Performances of the in vitro micronucleus test compared to the mouse lymphoma assay and the in vitro chromosome aberration assay. Toxicol Sci 96, 214-217. 

Retinoic acid has been studied in a limited retrospective human trial of PVR. Ten patients who received 40 mg oral 13-cis RA (Accutane) twice daily for four weeks following surgery for PVR detachment were compared with 10 case-matched controls. Though the sample size was small, the redetachment rate of the control group (60%) was greater than that of the study group (10%) (44). Based on the results of this pilot study, a clinical trial was planned, but has not yet been performed. To date, no human trials evaluating local delivery of RA have been reported. 

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