Organohalogen pesticides

Hoff RM, Muir DCG, Grift NP. 1992. Annual cycle of polychlorinated biphenyls and organohalogen pesticides in air in southern Ontario. 1. Air concentration data. Environ Sci Technol 26(2) 266-275. 

McMahon BM. 1984. Report on organohalogen pesticides. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 67 385-388. 

Vettorazzi G. 1975. State of the art of the toxicological evaluation carried out by the Joint EAOAVHO Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues I. Organohalogenated pesticides used in public health and agriculture. Residue Rev 56 107-134. 

Young S, Clower M Jr, Roach JAG. 1984. Method for determination of organohalogen pesticide residues in vegetable oil refinery by-products. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 67(1) 95-106. 

Evidence is similar for humans but limited, and includes male sterility, spontaneous abortions in human females, premature human fetuses, severe neurologic and CNS effects, blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, accumulation of organohalogen pesticides in human lipid tissue—and, perhaps even more important, their presence in human breast milk, whence they can continue to exert influences on growth, development and hormonal, CNS and enzyme systems. Aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, chlordecone (Kepone), heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and Mirex are all excreted via breast milk in the human female. This is also true for the related PCBs and PBBs that resist biodecomposition and maintain persistent residence in mammalian tissues. For them, excretion via breast milk may constitute the main—if not sole—elimination route. 

Host of the cyclic organohalogen pesticides studied are known or suspect animal carcinogens. The alkyl halide fumigants (methyl bromide, EDB, DBCP) are alkylating agents and mutagens, with adverse reproductive effects as well. 

Halstall CT, Bailey R, Stern GA, Barrie LA, Fellin P, Muir DCG, Rosenberg B, Rovinski F, Konovov E, Pastukhov B (1998) Multiyear observations of organohalogen pesticides in the Arctic atmosphere. Environ Pollut 102 51 -62... 

Organohalogen Pesticides That Have Been Tested by U.S. National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program... 

Lindane is one of eight different hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), C H Cl, isomers and its Chemical Abstract n.2cniQ is la, 2a 3P, 4a, 5a 6P-hexachlorocyclohexane [58-89-9] (y-HCH or y-BHC, ben2ene hexachloride) (80). Commercial products containing lindane are marketed as either a mixture of isomers or as the pure y-BHC isomer. Not unexpectedly, lindane is a highly stable lipophilic compound and it has been used extensively worldwide as an insecticide. In contrast, hexachloropentadiene, C Cl, is an extremely reactive industrial intermediate used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of a broad range of cyclodiene-derived pesticides, which include endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, and several different organohalogen flame retardants (81). 

Lovell RA, McChesney DG, Price WD. 1996. Organohalogen and organophosphoms pesticides in mixed feed rations Findings from FDA s domestic surveillance during fiscal years 1989-1994. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 79 544-548. 

Eriksson P (1996) Developmental neurotoxicology in the neonate-effects of pesticides and polychlorinated organic substances. Arch Toxicol Suppl 18 81-88 Eriksson P, Viberg H, Fischer C, Wallin M, Frediiksson A (2002) A comparison of developmental neurotoxic effects of hexabromo cyclododecane, 2,2, 4,4, 5,5 -hexabromodiphenylether (PBDE 153) and 2,2, 4,4, 5,5 -hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153). Organohalogen Comp 57 389-392... 

Peters AJ. Coleman P, Jones KC. 1999. Organochlorine pesticides in UK air. Organohalogen Compounds 41 447-450. 

THE ORGANOHALOGEN AROMATIC AND CYCLIC PESTICIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS... 

Darnerud, P.O., Atuma, S., Aune, M., Bjerselius, R., Glynn, A., Grawe, K.P., Becker, W., 2006. Dietary intake estimations of organohalogen contaminants (dioxins, PCB, PBDE and chlorinated pesticides, e.g. DDT) based on Swedish market basket data. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44, 1597-1606. 

Rordorf, B.F. (1990) Thermodynamic properties of halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and pesticides. In Proceedings of The International Conference on Organohalogen Compounds (Dioxin 1990) Belgium. 

From the organohalogens compounds we have identified the bromoform which is not altered in its way by the purifier, is originated into the chlorination process of these waters which contain bromides. The rest organohalogens compounds we have identified are used as pesticides or establish some part in the formulation of these ones. The sulfur identified -Ss- used with fullness in this area, is a similar case. 

Figure 3. Organohalogens used as pesticides (a) Dursban, an insecticide (b) Daconil, a fungicide (c) Bromoxynil, an herbicide (d) 2,4-D, an herbicide.

Seaweeds contain hvmdreds of organohalogens (see Figure 4). Telfairine, like the synthetic insecticide findane, is a powerful insecticide. These organohalogens are used by marine fife in cfiemical defense (natural pesticides). Tire smell of tire ocean is likely due to the myriad volatile... 

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