Maturation defined

The performance of T-dependent immune response leads to the functional maturation of all cells involved in this process. Each phase of maturation defines the basic characteristics of specific immune response. We tested the FB1 effects on T cell surface antigens both in the early stage and peak of humoral immune response to T-dependent Ag, as well as FBI action alone. 

For example, a polypeptide is synthesized as a linear polymer derived from the 20 natural amino acids by translation of a nucleotide sequence present in a messenger RNA (mRNA). The mature protein exists as a weU-defined three-dimensional stmcture. The information necessary to specify the final (tertiary) stmcture of the protein is present in the molecule itself, in the form of the specific sequence of amino acids that form the protein (57). This information is used in the form of myriad noncovalent interactions (such as those in Table 1) that first form relatively simple local stmctural motifs (helix... 

The growth of animals can be defined as an increase in mass of whole body, tissue(s), organ(s), or ceU(s) with time. This type of growth can be characterized by morphometric measurements eg, skeletal muscle or adipose tissue growth can be described by observing temporal changes in ceU number, ie, hyperplasia, and ceU size, ie, hypertrophy. Growth also includes developmental aspects of function and metaboHsm of cells and tissues from conception to maturity. 

Dehydrated Beets. This color additive is defined as a dark ted powder prepared by dehydrating sound, mature, good quality, edible beets. 

Possible numerators include the gross income net pretax income net after-tax income gross profit, ie, gross income minus book depreciation cash flow or net income. An average return value is selected by defining a typical or mature proof year as the basis of calculation. The denominator can be the original total investment, depreciated book-value investment, lifetime averaged investment, or fixed capital investment. 

In practice most distribution cuiwes are not symmetrical about the median but are inherently skewed. The effect of an advertising campaign is usually to increase the rate of sales in the early years. It may also increase the level of mature demand for the product, but this mature demand must be asymptotic to a finite upper Emit of sales c. Such a cui ve is positively skewed since xm — xd) < x(j —x ). This situation can often be approximated by the Gompertz cui ve defined by Eq. (9-96) ... 

The fluid pressure in the rock at the bottom of a well is commonly defined as pore pressure (also called formation pressure, or reservoir pressure). Depending on the maturity of the sedimentary basin, the pore pressure will reflect geologic column overburden that may include a portion of the rock particle weight (i.e., immature basins), or a simple hydrostatic column of fluid (i.e., mature basins). The pore pressure and therefore its gradient can be obtained from well log data as wells are drilled. These pore pressure data are fundamental for the solution of engineering problems in drilling, well completions, production, and reservoir engineering. 

Congenital myotonic dystrophy is a relatively rare condition in which myotonia (defined electrically) is mostly absent in the affected newborn infant, but becomes apparent in the older infant. Histopathology shows a consistent feature of arrested development and maturation of muscle fibers, but there is, currently, no adequate explanation for this phenomenon. Patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy rarely survive without aggressive ventilatory support, and survivors, without exception, are severely multiply handicapped. 

Changes in wall architecture occur during isodiametric cell expansion, cell elongation, and the thickening of a growing wall to its mature thickness, and so it is important to define whether the synthesis and secretion of particular cell-wall molecules correlates with differentiation events or with general cell expansion. Ceils are stimulated into producing wall polysaccharides upon subculture, so we used a non-inductive medium, in which the cells only expand, for comparison with inductive medium at all times. 

A wide selection of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-Ca -ATPase antibodies have become available in recent years. Studies with these antibodies defined the localization of Ca " -ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of developing and mature skeletal muscles [60,262-270] and established a pattern of cross reactivity with various Ca -ATPase isoenzymes in the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum [270-286] and in the plasma membrane [284,287-290] of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles. Antibodies have also proved useful in the quantitation of Ca -ATPase, both in muscles of diverse fiber types [291-294] and in COS-1 cells transfected with Ca -ATPase cDNA [97,103,126,127,129,215],... 

Hematopoiesis is defined as the development and maturation of blood cells and their precursors. In utero, hematopoiesis may occur in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. However, after birth, it occurs exclusively in the bone marrow. All blood cells are generated from a common hematopoietic precursor, or stem cell. These stem cells are self-renewing and pluripotent and thus are able to commit to any one of the different lines of maturation that give rise to platelet-producing megakaryocytes, lymphoid, erythroid, and myeloid cells. The myeloid cell line produces monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils, whereas the lymphoid stem cell differentiates to form circulating B and T lymphocytes. In contrast to the ordered development of normal cells, the development of leukemia seems to represent an arrest in differentiation at an early phase in the continuum of stem cell to mature cell.1... 

Forster R, Emrich T, Kremmer E, Lipp M. Expression of the G-protein-coupled receptor BLR1 defines mature, recirculating B cells and a subset of T-helper memory cells. Blood 1994 84 830-40. 

Perhaps the most noteworthy of this brief historical outline is that all the cited dates are from more than a quarter century ago. Of course, this is not to imply that nothing has happened since in terms of theoretical or technological developments, but the message is that EPR in general, and bioEPR in particular, is a mature spectroscopy, whose application readily pays off if you just take the trouble of getting acquainted with its now-well-defined requirements, possibilities, and limitations. 

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