Human deficiency virus

Shetty B, Kosa M, Khalil DA, Webber S. Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Distribution to Tissue of AG1343, an inhibitor of human deficiency virus type 1 protease. Antimicr. Ag. and Chemoth. 1996 40 110-114. 

Sahai J, Gallicano K, Pakuts A, Cameron DW. Effect of fluconazole on zidovudine pharmacokinetics in patients infected with human deficiency virus. J Infect Dis (1994) 169,1103-7. 

Kelen GD, Fritz S, Oagish B, et al. (1988) Unrecognized human deficiency virus infection in emergency department patients. N Engl J Med 318 1645-1650... 

Wiley CA, MasUah E, Morey M, Lemere C, DeTeresa R, Grafe M, Hansen L, Terry R (1991) Neocorfical damage during HIV infection. Ann Neurol 29(6) 651-657 Wiley CA, Schrier RD, Nelson JA, Lampert PW, Oldstone MB (1986) Cellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus infection within the brains of acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83(18) 7089-7093 Williams K, Westmoreland S, Greco J, Ratai E, Lentz M, Kim WK, Fuller RA, Kim JP, Autissier... 

Barohn RJ, Gronseth GS et al (1993) Peripheral nervous system involvement in a large cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Arch Neurol 50(2) 167-171 Behar R, Wiley C et al (1987) Cytomegalovirus polyradiculoneuropathy in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Neurology 37(4) 557-561... 

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV lymphadenopathy-associated virus, LAV human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 3, HTLV III) is responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS see Chapter 3). Because of the hazard and difficulties of growing the virus outside humans, a different approach has to be examined for determining viral sensitivity to disinfectants. 

Document any risk factors for allergic reactions such as chronic urticaria, liver or kidney disease, human immunodeficiency virus, or any other immune deficiencies. 

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in 1981, and described in a cohort of young homosexual men with significant immune deficiency. Since then, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been clearly identified as the major cause of AIDS.1 HIV-2 is much less prevalent than HIV-1, but also causes AIDS. HIV primarily targets CD4+ lymphocytes, which are critical to proper immune system function. If left untreated, patients experience a prolonged asymptomatic period followed by rapid, progressive immunodeficiency. Therefore, most complications experienced by patients with AIDS involve opportunistic infections and cancers. 

AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. (Adapted from the DHHS Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents, April 7, 2005.)... 

As might be predicted from these similarities between PNS and CNS, many disease entities can affect both these tissues. It should be noted, however, that the clinical expression of such diseases is variable and is sometimes restricted to the PNS. For example, patients with thiamine deficiency may display symmetrical distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy without accompanying CNS degeneration. Untreated infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause early polyneuropathy, with dementia appearing months or years later. Similarly, patients with sulfatidase deficiency or adrenoleukodystrophy may present initially with polyneuropathy, while their CNS dysfunction remains clinically undetectable. 

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome... 

AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome HIV, human immunodeficiency virus PGL, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. 

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Human immunodeficiency virus... 

In a biopsy of an AIDS patient s enlarged thymus (P4), the adipose involuted thymus, with persistence of many Hassall s corpuscles, was judged to be a large lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. This follicular hyperplasia was similar to that described for lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues at earlier stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection, before the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Human immunodeficiency virus RNA and p 24 were detected in the hyperplastic germinal centers (lymphocytes and follicular dendritic infected cells) and also in many cells that may have been either lymphocytes or epithelial cells in the interfollicular areas. 

Viruses are responsible for many human and animal diseases, with a variety of symptoms and levels of severity. Common viral illnesses include colds, influenza, cold-sores (herpes), and childhood infections such as chickenpox, measles, and mumps. More serious conditions include meningitis, poliomyelitis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the latter potentially leading to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes the immunodeficiency disease known as AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The structure of this virus is similar to that of the influenza virus (A). 

The rapid spread of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has prompted numerous efforts to develop therapeutic agents against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) [2351. Efforts have focused on inhibition of the virally encoded reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme, which is responsible for the conversion of retroviral RNA to proviral DNA. The nucleoside RT inhibitors 3 -azidothymidine (AZT) and dideoxyinosine (ddl) have proven to be clinically useful anti HIV-1 agents [236], but due to their lack of selectivity versus other DNA polymerases, these compounds are flawed by their inherent toxi-... 

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