Human cytomegalovirus receptors

Taylor, H.P., and N.R. Cooper, 1990, The human cytomegalovirus receptor on fibroblasts is a 30-kilodalton membrane protein. J Virol. 64(6) 2484—90. 

Gao, J. L., Murphy, P. M. (1994) Human cytomegalovirus open reading frame Us28 encodes a functional beta-chemokine receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 28539-28542. 

Pleskoff, O., Treboute, C., Brelot, A., Heveker, N., Seman, M., and Ahzon, M. (1997) Identification of a chemokine receptor encoded by human cytomegalovirus as a cofactor for HIV-1 entry. Science 276, 1874-1878. 

There is a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligonucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo. The most common vector systems are based on viral [retroviruses (9, 10), adeno-associated virus (AAV) (11), adenovirus (12, 13), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (14)] andnonviral [cationic liposomes (15,16), polymers and receptor-mediated polylysine-DNA] complexes (17). Other viral vectors that are currently under development are based on lentiviruses (18), human cytomegalovirus (CMV) (19), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (20), poxviruses (21), negative-strand RNA viruses (influenza virus), alphaviruses and herpesvirus saimiri (22). Also a hybrid adenoviral/retroviral vector has successfully been used for in vivo gene transduction (23). A simplified schematic representation of basic human gene therapy methods is described in Figure 13.1. 

Chee, M. S Satchwell, S. C., Preddie, E., Weston, K. M and Barrell, B. G. (1990) Human cytomegalovirus encodes three G protein-coupled receptor homo-logues. Nature 344,774-777. 

The role of bioreceptor can be also played by viruses covalently attached to the electrode surface, which was shown for resistance detection of antibody and prostate-specific membrane antigen.135 Taking into account up to 1020 unique species, phage-displayed libraries provide a vast pool of candidate receptors to practically any analyte, including small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids. Piezoelectric virus sensor has been developed e.g. for detection of distinctive antigens of the human cytomegalovirus.136... 

Kledal, T. N., Rosenkilde, M. M., and Schwartz, T. W. (1998). Selective recognition of the membrane-bound CX3C chemokine, fractalkine, by the human cytomegalovirus-encoded broad-spectrum receptor US28. FEBS Lett. 441, 209-214. 

Chee MS. Human cytomegalovirus encodes three G protein-coupled receptor homologues. Nature... 

Zipeto D. Kinetics of transcription of human cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor US28 in different cell types. J Gen Virol 1999 80(Pt 3) 543-7. 

Beisser PS. Human cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor gene US28 is transcribed in latently infected THP-1 monocytes. J Virol 2001 75(13) 5949-57. 

Pleskoff O. Identification of a chemokine receptor encoded by human cytomegalovirus as a cofactor for HIV-1 entry. Science 1997 276(5320) 1874-8. 

Casarosa P. Constitutive signaling of the human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor US28. J Biol Chem 2001 276(2) 1133-7. 

Ohagen A. Cell-dependent mechanisms restrict the HIV type 1 coreceptor activity of US28, a chemokine receptor homolog encoded by human cytomegalovirus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2000 16(l) 27-35. 

Beisser PS. Viral chemokine receptors and chemokines in human cytomegalovirus trafficking and interaction with the immune system. CMV chemokine receptors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol... 

Streblow DN. The human cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor US28 mediates vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Cell 1999 99(5) 5l 1-20. 

Benedict CA, Butrovich KD, Lurain NS. Corbeil J, Rooney I, Schneider P, Tschopp J, Ware CF (1999) Cutting edge a novel viral TNF receptor superfamily member in virulent strains of human cytomegalovirus. J Immunol 162 6967 -6970... 

Fahnestock ML, Johnson JL, Feldman RM, Neveu JM, Lane WS, Bjorkman PJ (1995) The MHC class I homolog encoded by human cytomegalovirus binds endogenous peptides. Immunity 3 583-590 Fanger NA, Cosman D, Peterson L, Braddy SC, Maliszewski CR, Borges L (1998) The MHC class I binding proteins LIR-1 and LIR-2 inhibit Fc receptor-mediated signaling in monocytes. Eur J Immunol 28 3423-3434... 

Kubin M, Cassiano L, Chalupny J. Chin W, Cosman D, Fanslow W, Mullberg J, Rousseau AM, Ulrich D, Armitage R (2001) ULBPl. 2. 3 novel MHC class I-related molecules that bind to human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein UL16, activate NK cells. Eur J Immunol 31 1428 1437 Lanier EL (1998) NK cell receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 16 359 393... 

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