Hull separation

Hull-less barley varieties have been developed, in which the hull separates during threshing. These varieties contain more protein and less fibre than conventional barley, and theoretically should be superior in nutritive value to conventional barley. However, Ravindran et al. (2007) found that the ME (N-corrected basis) was similar in hull-less and hulled barley. The chemical composition of six Brazilian hull-less barley cultivars was studied by Helm and de Francisco (2004) and reported as follows. The highest constituents were starch (575-631 g/kg), crude protein (125-159 g/kg) and total dietary fibre (TDF 124-174g/kg), the starch and crude protein contents being in agreement with those previously reported for Swedish (Elfverson et al., 1999) and Canadian (Li et al., 2001) varieties. The other reported values (g/ kg) were ash content 15.1-22.7, ether extract 29.1M0.0, starch 574.6-631.4, insoluble dietary fibre 80.7-121.6, soluble dietary fibre 43.0-64.5 and p-glucan 37.0-57.7. 

Maximum yields are obtained by balancing the degree of hull separation. If an attempt is made to separate hulls from the meats too cleanly, there will be a loss of oil because of meats being carried over with the hulls. If too much hull is left in the kernels, there will also be an undue loss of oil through absorption by the hulls. Kernels and hulls should be separated as quickly as possible, once dehulling is accomplished, to avoid excessive contact between hulls and kernel particles (19). 

Fibers and Fiber Sources. Fibers are present ia varyiag amounts ia food iagredients and are also added separately (see Dietary fiber). Some fibers, including beet pulp, apple pomace, citms pulp, wheat bran, com bran, and celluloses are added to improve droppiags (feces) form by providing a matrix that absorbs water. Some calorie-controUed foods iaclude fibers, such as peanut hulls, to provide gastroiatestinal bulk and reduce food iatake. Peanut hulls normally have a high level of aflatoxias. They must be assayed for aflatoxia and levels restricted to prevent food rejection and undesirable effects of mycotoxias. 

Jung, Carl Gustav.Mysterium coniunctionis an inquiry into the separation and synthesis of psychic opposites in alchemy translated by R. F. C. Hull. 2nd ed. ed. Translated by R.F.C. Hull. Princeton (NJ) Princeton Univ P, 1970. xix, 702 p. 

Jung, C.G. 1954. Mysterium Coniunctionis An Inquiry into the Separation and Synthesis of Psychic Opposites in Alchemy. Trans, by R. F. C. Hull. New York Pantheon, 1963. 

In this experiment, a solid material, such as pecan hulls, are crushed, ground, and separated into various sizes to observe the effects of the variation of size distribution with screening time and the variation of size distribution on rate of vibration. The size and distribution of particles may be determined by several methods. Screening is commonly used for this purpose. In this method a known mass of material of various sizes is passed over a series of standard screens and the amount of material collected on each screen is determined. The rate of vibrating the screen and the time allowed for vibrating have definite effects on the distribution of particles. 

Low-temperature liquefied gases are shipped in special ships with insulation between the hull and an inner tank. The largest LNG carrier s capacity is about 145,000 m. Poisonous materials are shipped in separate tanks built into the ship. This prevents tank leakage from contaminating harbors. Separate tanks are also used to transport pressurized gases. 

As an example of separation of components, die method patented as far back as 1911 by Anderson (Ref 1), may be mentioned. The process involved heating air-dry Indian corn to about 187° in a pressure-tight vessel, then suddenly releasing the pressure. The corn was discharged from the vessel and the hulls and germs were blown off by internal pressure... 

We have to realize that sometimes requirements concerning physical properties of model materials exist that cannot be implemented. In such cases only a partial similarity can be realized. For this, essentially only two procedures are available (for details see Refs. 5 and 10). One consists of a well-planned experimental strategy in which the process is divided into parts, which are then investigated separately under conditions of complete similarity. This approach was first applied by William Froude (1810-1879) in his efforts to scale-up the drag resistance of the ship s hull. 

The work on hi level waste solidification has led to applications of the same materials to other areas of waste management. These include decontamination of defense wastes currently in tank storage at Richland, WA, selective separation of Cs for beneficial uses, and development of a process flowsheet for conversion of Zircaloy fuel cladding hulls to sodium zirconate for use in waste stabilization. Each is briefly described below. 

Overseas Shipping of LNG. A key feature of most LNG carriers in operation is the. insulation system, which maintains the cargo at —162 C. In one type of ship, the cargo is carried in five tanks constructed of a thin welded membrane of special steel. Each tank is separated from the inner hull by insulating material. The small fraction of the cargo that boils off... 

Zheng, G.H. and Bhatty, R.S. 1998. Enzyme-assisted wet separation of starch from other seed components of hull-less barley. Cereal Chem. 75 247-250. 

In this chapter, the basic elements of convex analysis are introduced. Section 2.1 presents the definitions and properties of convex sets, the definitions of convex combination and convex hull along with the important theorem of Caratheodory, and key results on the separation and support of convex sets. Further reading on the subject of convex sets is in the excellent books of Avriel (1976), Bazaraa et al. (1993), Mangasarian (1969), and Rockefellar (1970). 

Flaxseed has two flattened cotyledons, which constitute the greater portion of the embryo. The embryo is surrounded by a seed coat that consists of a hull and an adherent layer of endosperm. Hull and cotyledon can be utilized separately as a functional ingredient (Oomah and Mazza 1997 Wiesenborn et al. 2002). Hence dehulling and milling studies have been carried out for flaxseed utilization purposes. 

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