Milling study

Interestingly, the ball-milling studies of microcrystalline cellulose by Nakai (Table 4 [53]) have shown that the Wm values obtained from water sorption... 

Whittemore, R.C., L.E. LaFleur, J. Gillespie, G.A. Amendola, and J. Helms. 1990. USEPA/paper industry cooperative dioxin study the 104 mill study. Chemosphere 20 1625-1632. 

Flaxseed has two flattened cotyledons, which constitute the greater portion of the embryo. The embryo is surrounded by a seed coat that consists of a hull and an adherent layer of endosperm. Hull and cotyledon can be utilized separately as a functional ingredient (Oomah and Mazza 1997 Wiesenborn et al. 2002). Hence dehulling and milling studies have been carried out for flaxseed utilization purposes. 

During 1988, the EPA and the U.S. pulp and paper industry jointly conducted a survey of 104 pulp and paper mills in the United States to measure concentrations of CDDs in effluent, sludge, and paper (EPA 1990d). This study is commonly called the 104-Mill Study and includes all U.S. mills where wood pulps are bleached with chlorine or chlorine derivatives. Higher chlorinated CDDs/CDFs are typically found in effluent when chlorine dioxide is used, but not when elemental chlorine is used. In 1992, the pulp and paper industry conducted its own survey (NCASI 1993). As part of an effort to develop revised effluent guidelines and standards for the pulp and paper industry, the EPA recently published the development... 

EPA. 1990d. Summary report on USEPA/ Industry Cooperative Dioxin Study. "The 104 mills study" Washington, DC Office of Water Regulations and Standards July 1990. 

Ball Mill Studies. II. Thermal determination of ball-mill efficiency. Am. Inst. Mining Mel. Eng. Tech. Pub. 416. 

Pulp and paper mills are a much smaller source of PCDD/Fs in the environment than in the past. In 1988, the EPA and the US pulp and paper industry collaborated on the 104-Mill Study to measure levels of dioxins in effluent, sludge and pulp from 104 bleached chemical wood pulp and paper mills in the US. The study estimated the total discharge from all US pulp and paper mills to be 1188 g TEQ yr 1.18 In response to these findings, the pulp and paper industry expended more than SI billion dollars to reduce TCDD and TCDF formation during bleaching operations.19 The 1993 estimated discharge from all US pulp and paper mills is 97.2 g TEQ (Table 2). 

Table 9 Granulation Milling Study Design and Results...

Figure 4 An additive model contour plot for fines from the milling study.

Figure 6 An interactive model three-dimensional response surface plot for fines in the milling study.

Table lOA Regression Analysis Output for Milling Study... 

Figure 7 Granulation milling study—contour plot for yield.

W. Pietsch, Torque mill studies. A new approach in grinding research. Particle Technology , Proc. of Seminar, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras (1971), 203-232. 

Torque mill studies. A new approach in grinding research. 

One general finding of milling studies conducted on hydrate species is that the grinding process serves to lower the dehydration temperatures of ground materials, facilitating the removal of lattice water and formation of an amorphous product. This behavior has been noted for cephalexin [13,14], cefixime [15], cyclophosphamide [18], 2-[(2-methylimidazoyl-l-yl)-methyl]-benzo/ thiochromen-... 

Studies of silicon-containing carbon materials prepared by ball milling Studies of silicon occurrence in soil matter and related materials... 

FIGURE 15.2 Experimental apparatus commonly used to perform dry milling studies, (a) Laboratory rice sheller and whitener (courtesy of Seedburo Equipment Company), (b) Chopin wheat mill. 

FIGURE 15.2 Experimental apparatus commonly used to perform dry milling studies.478... 

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