Hot process equipment

Boiler ducts or flues Electric lamps Hot process equipment Welding metal Induction brazing Hot plates Soldering irons ... 

Fleat load from hot process equipment with a relatively simple configuration (e.g., tanks with hot water, solution, or oil) can be calculated using the following equation ... 

External surfaces of hot process equipments such as heaters, dryers, steam pipes, and electrical... 

Poor insulation could cause major heat losses from hot process equipment, hot flanges, and steam pipes. 

Chemical-Process Vessels. Explosion-bonded products are used in the manufacture of process equipment for the chemical, petrochemical, and petroleum industries where the corrosion resistance of an expensive metal is combined with the strength and economy of another metal. AppHcations include explosion cladding of titanium tubesheet to Monel, hot fabrication of an explosion clad to form an elbow for pipes in nuclear power plants, and explosion cladding titanium and steel for use in a vessel intended for terephthaHc acid manufacture. 

The need to keep these two aspects separated is best illustrated by a situation where the same product is to be made at different plants. While it is possible that the processing equipment at the two plants is identical, this is rarely the case. Suppose one plant uses steam for heating its vessels, but the other uses a hot oil system as the source of heat. When a product recipe requires that material is to be heated to a specified temperature, each plant can accomplish this objective, but will go about it in quite different ways. 

Hot-gas decontamination (HGD) is a thermal treatment technology designed to treat process equipment requiring decontamination before reuse. It is also applicable for explosive items. 

Infrared thermographic techniques can be used to identify hot spots on process equipment The camera works on the theory that the hotter the object, the higher the frequency of radiation. For off-line corrosion monitoring, horoscopes for inspecting tubes, pumps, compressors, and other equipment may be used. Spot chemical testing can indicate the... 

The hot, gaseous hydrogen fluoride is either absorbed in water or liquefied refrigeration is employed to obtain the anhydrous product needed for fluorocarbon manufacture and other uses. Although hydrofluoric acid is corrosive, concentrations of 60% and above can be handled in steel at lower temperatures lead, carbon, and special alloys are also used in the process equipment. 

A major fire erupted in a nonflammable solvents manufacturing unit in a U.S. Gulf Coast chemical complex. A furnace tube in a natural-gas-fired heater ruptured due to overheating. At least 1,800 gallons (6,800 liters) of a combustible heat transfer fluid spilled and burned intensely. Within about 25 minutes, the intense hot fire damaged four levels of structure and associated process equipment. The plant on-site emergency squad quickly and properly responded. However, the price tag for short-lived incident was over 1.5 million in direct property damage and over 4 million in business interruption (U.S. 1979). Fortunately, there were no injuries. [2]... 

The heart of TRU is a battery of nine heavily shielded hot cells housed in a two-story building. Of the nine cells, four contain chemical processing equipment for dissolution, solvent extraction, ion exchange, and precipitation operations. Three... 

Climate. If the plant is located in a cold climate, costs may be increased by the necessity for construction of protective shelters around the process equipment, and special cooling towers or air-conditioning equipment may be required if the prevailing temperatures are high. Excessive humidity or extremes of hot or cold weather can have a serious effect on the economic operation of a plant, and these factors should be examined when selecting a plant site. 

Typically most reviews will be concentrated towards processes which have the potential for major incidents (i.e. hydrocarbon or chemical processing equipment and operations). Where there are utility systems that could pose severe consequences to individuals or the company (e.g. hot produced water, exposed electrical components), a review of their system or components also should be considered. 

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