Hostilities cessation

The formation of the Ordnance Department resulted from four events following cessation of hostilities in 1784. In 1785, the Secretary of War was charged with taking into his care all military stores, equipment, and supplies of the US Army. Second, a Surveyor of Ordnance was authorized in 1789. Third, Congress provided for the erection and repair of magazines and arsenals, and for the establishment of national armories. Fourth, in 1795, a Purveyor of Public Supplies was appointed to conduct the procurement of all military and naval stores necessary for the service of the USA. Finally, the establishment of the Ordnance Department as a separate corps was effected by Congressional Act of 14 May 1812... 

Abrupt cessation results in onset of withdrawal symptoms usually within 24 hours, which include anxiety, cravings, difficulty concentrating, frustration, irritability, hostility, insomnia, and restlessness. 

As a result, the timely arrival of the chemical made it a war hero. Combined with a strategy of eradication (rather than control) of pest insects, DDT was used on a massive scale, received international press, and was incorporated into the propaganda machine of the late war period. This provided it an easy launching platform into civilian markets upon the cessation of hostilities. 

Figure 5.1 Aceh government banner celebrates cessation of hostilities between the Indonesian Republic (RI) and GAM, 2002...

Despite many setbacks, the two sides signed a substantial Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (CoHA) on 9 December 2002, which did finally curb the violence. Soldiers from two Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) partners, the Philippines and Thailand, joined the GAM and TNI monitoring teams to investigate breaches of the peace by either side (Reid 2005 352-3) (see figure 5.1). 

Following the cessation of hostilities of World War II, there was a short period of abundant supply of aromatics, particularly toluene, caused by the sudden decline in consumption of aromatics for nitration and for use in aviation gasoline. Soon, however, the peacetime uses for aromatics created a demand which could be satisfied only by the combined production of aromatics from petroleum and coal-tar sources. Consequently, many of the toluene plants were purchased from the Government by the petroleum refiners and utilized for manufacture of the many aromatic products available on the market today. 

The 1984 release of methyl isocyanate from the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, not only resulted in shutting down that facility and Union Carbide s ultimate cessation of all operations in India, but also negatively affected the company s stock price in the short term and led to a hostile takeover attempt by a competitor (which UCC was able to thwart). 

Since World War I, the dye industries, backed by adequate resources and research facilities have flourished. As a result of this development we were able to dye with fast colors during World War II the largest output of highgrade textiles of all the warring countries. Furthermore, with the cessation of hostilities we remain entirely independent of foreign sources in all classes of dyestuffs and even lead the world in total production in this highly technical and specialized field. 

On account of the cessation of hostilities and the instructions received to demobilize the Chemical Warfare Service as soon as possible, all research work of the Chemical Warfare Service at the Spring Valley Experiment station will be terminated before December 31, 1918, and the only further work pertaining to this service now contemplated at the Station will be the preparation of reports necessary to complete proper records of the various investigations conducted there. 

The first big order — eight million pounds of cannon powder for France — was nearly equal to the company s annual capacity. Pierre du Pont, however, saw war orders as more a risk than an opportunity. Everyone expected a short war, similar to the Franco-Prussian conflict of 1870. The cessation of hostilities would inevitably lead to abrupt cancellation of munitions contracts, as had happened to DuPont in the Spanish-American War. Pierre decided that to reduce DuPont s financial risk, the capital to build new plants would have to be paid for by the Allies, and that the plants would have to be amortized immediately. Thus, when the war ended, DuPont would have no worthless investment on its books. 

The European Union would again urge strongly that there should be an immediate cessation of hostilities in order to facilitate the bringing of humanitarian aid to the population and allow negotiations to begin without delay. The European Union takes note in this connection of the proposal made by the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation. It calls for a peaceful settlement to the conflict which respects the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. 

Sndan Nnba 31 Jnly 1996 Declaration of Principles for the Resolntion of the Nnba Monntains Problem between the Government of Sndan and the Nnba Monntains United SPLM/A, Nairobi 19 Jannary 2002 Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities... 

Other international and domestic missions also participated in these field studies aimed at determining how widespread any contamination of soil, water, and vegetation at the sites visited was and to assess the need for reasonable and realistic remedial actions. The chosen sites were located at the most heavily targeted areas, as well as those in or closest to inhabited areas. The studies were limited by a long time lag between the cessation of hostilities and the beginning of field studies, and by limitations in the qnahty and qnantity of the field studies due in part to the presence of mines and nnexploded ordnance. 

Of the 298 chemical units in existence at the cessation of hostilities (2 September 1945), all but 14 were mobilized after the Pearl Harbor attack. (5ee Table 9.) Taking into account organizations reconstituted and disbanded, a total of 383 chemical units and 31 platoons and detachments were activated while the war was in progress. This unparalleled expansion, unexpected and not provided for in prewar planning, gave rise to a number of problems in connection with unit training. 

The high rate of failures experienced late in 1942 and early in 1943 began to fall off in the latter year, after which a generally downward trend was followed until the end of the war. In the thirty-six OCS classes conducted at the Chemical Warfare Center prior to the cessation of hostilities, a total of 8,068 candidates were enrolled. Of these, 1,660 were relieved from the school before graduation. Academic failures accounted for 696 dismissals. Resignations, unclassified as to cause, totaled 415. Leadership deficiencies were directly responsible for 352 separations. Other causes were miscellaneous (including physical defects), 144 conduct, 53. Of all OCS... 

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