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Hormone other endocrine glands

A trophic hormone acts on another endocrine gland to stimulate secretion of its hormone. For example, thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones. Adrenocorticotropin, or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete the hormone cortisol. Both trophic hormones are produced by the pituitary gland in fact, many trophic hormones are secreted by the pituitary. The pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the "master gland" because its hormones regulate the activity of other endocrine glands. [Pg.115]

Nerve impulses stimulate the hypothalamus to send specific hormones to the pituitary gland, thus stimulating (or inhibiting) the release of tropic hormones. The anterior pituitary hormones in turn stimulate other endocrine glands (thyroid, adrenals, pancreas) to secrete their characteristic hormones, which in turn stimulate specific target tissues. [Pg.892]

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is one of several small peptide hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. These are the master" hormones that function to stimulate hormone secretion from other endocrine glands. Thyrotropin stimulates the functioning of the thyroid gland. [Pg.1243]

Other Hormones. Pituitary hormones regulate the function of many other endocrine glands, and hypophysectomy in male rats results in a decrease in the activity of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) also results in a decrease of those oxidative enzyme activities that are gender dependent. In contrast, ACTH treatment of female rats causes an increase in aminopyrine /V-dcmcthylasc but no change in other activities. [Pg.171]

Examples of the use of analytical-scale column systems for the small-scale (i.e., 1 fig to 1 mg) preparative separation of peptides include the extraordinarily potent opoid peptide, dynorphin (I4S) insulin A-, B-, and C-chain peptides (24, 72) j8-chain peptides of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (8) endorphins (28,60, 126, 137), adrenocorticotropic peptides in plasma, pituitary, and other endocrine glands or secreted from tumor cells iVt vitro (84, I2S, 127, 138, 142. I Si) hypothalamic releasing factors... [Pg.131]

This regulation is achieved by a device of breath-taking simplicity. As each hormone is itself the product of biosynthetic pathways in particular endocrine organs, the amount present in the bloodstream may be controlled by an alteration of the rate at which it is being synthesized. And this rate is controlled for nearly all the major hormones (the big exception is insulin) by other hormones, produced in the pituitary. Thus the pituitary makes a set of peptide hormones whose target organs are the other endocrine glands of... [Pg.242]

Many of the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland in turn regulate the activity of other endocrine glands and are known as trophic hormones or trophins. Table 6.2 summarizes the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland and their main actions and clinical uses. See also Figure 6.2. [Pg.101]

Most pituitary hormones act on endocrine glands that occupy an intermediate, or secondary, position in the hierarchy, stimulating them to produce hormones that exert the ultimate actions on target tissues. Pituitary hormones that act on other endocrine glands are called tropic hormones or tropins. An example is adrenal corticotropic hormone (ACTH), also called / -corticotropin (see here also). This peptide is secreted from the anterior pituitary, and it stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, which in turn act on a number of tissues. [Pg.1810]

There are several known neurotransmitters (table). The most common of these is acetylcholine, which, as with many other neurotransmitters, may be either excitatory or inhibitory on the postsynaptic cell, depending on the type of receptors present on different cells. Some of these substances may be released into the blood stream as hormones by endocrine glands. When acting as hormones they have much more general effects on the body. [Pg.205]

Pituitary Gland Small gland, located at the base of the brain, which is sometimes referred to as the master gland because it produces hormones that stimulate or suppress the secretions of other endocrine glands. [Pg.640]

The nervous and endocrine systems are linked by the hypothalamus which contains neurosecretory cells. These, on stimulation by electrical impulses, secrete relatively short chain highly active peptides which pass in special blood vessels directly to the pituitary gland. The hypothalamic hormones include somatostatin, which inhibits growth hormone release, and various hormones that stimulate the release of those anterior pituitary hormones that control the secretion of hormones in various other endocrine glands. For example the secretion of thyroid hormone requires... [Pg.361]

The frontal lobe of the pituitary gland. It secretes hormones that stimulate the secretion of the other endocrine glands. [Pg.14]

The posterior lobe of the pituitary, ie, the neurohypophysis, is under direct nervous control (1), unlike most other endocrine organs. The hormones stored in this gland are formed in hypothalamic nerve cells but pass through nerve stalks into the posterior pituitary. As early as 1895 it was found that pituitrin [50-57-7] an extract of the posterior lobe, raises blood pressure when injected (2), and that Pitocin [50-56-6] (Parke-Davis) causes contractions of smooth muscle, especially in the utems (3). Isolation of the active materials involved in these extracts is the result of work from several laboratories. Several highly active posterior pituitary extracts have been discovered (4), and it has been deterrnined that their biological activities result from peptide hormones, ie, low molecular weight substances not covalendy linked to proteins (qv) (5). [Pg.187]

Although the kidneys are not considered endocrine glands per se, they are involved in hormone production. Erythropoietin is a peptide hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow. Its primary source is the kidneys. Erythropoietin is secreted in response to renal hypoxia. Chronic renal disease may impair the secretion of erythropoietin, leading to development of anemia. The kidneys also produce enzymes. The enzyme renin is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. As will be discussed, these substances play an important role in the regulation of plasma volume and therefore blood pressure. Other renal enzymes are needed for the conversion of vitamin D into its active form, 1,25-d i hyd ro xyv itamin D3, which is involved with calcium balance. [Pg.309]

Anterior lobe of pituitary is the master gland of the endocrine system as a whole because it produces peptide trophic hormones which affect the other ductless/endocrine glands. The anterior lobe secretes the following hormones ... [Pg.269]

Connected to the brain by a stalk (Fig. 30-1), the pituitary gland releases at least ten peptide or protein hormones that regulate the activity of other endocrine (hormone-producing) glands in distant parts of the body. The pituitary is composed of several distinct parts the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), a thin intermediate portion (pars intermedia), and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). Each has its own characteristic endocrine functions. [Pg.1743]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.404 , Pg.405 , Pg.407 ]




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