Horizontal distance

Therefore we proposed, that if the duct was not instantly hit, two more drillings with a horizontal distance of 2,5cm left and right to the measured position should be made. This insured striking the duct. 

The final effective plume height H, in m, is stack height plus plume rise. Where buoyancy dominates, the horizontal distance Xf from the stack to where the final plume rise occurs is assumed to be at 3.5 , where x is the horizontal distance, in km, at which atmospheric turbulence begins to dominate entrainment. 

This equation is most applicable when vju exceeds 4. Since momentum plume rise occurs quite close to the source, the horizontal distance to the final plume rise is considered to be zero. 

Air spread The maximum horizontal distance between two vertical or horizontal planes of equal velocity in a jet, tangential to the supply envelope from the ATD. 

Distance to the v isovel (displacement air) The maximum horizontal distance L from the center of an air terminal device to the rectangle circumscribing the specific isovel. It is independent of the distance from the floor. 

A fragment will travel the greates horizontal distance when a = 45°. 

I = Horizontal distance from opening to point where flow stream has fallen one foot, in. 

Liquid throw The horizontal distance traveled by the liquid after flowing over a weir. 

The standard deviation s is the square root of the variance graphically, it is the horizontal distance from the mean to the point of inflection of the distribution curve. The standard deviation is thus an experimental measure of precision the larger s is, the flatter the distribution curve, the greater the range of. replicate analytical results, and the Jess precise the method. In Figure 10-1, Method 1 is less precise but more nearly accurate than Method 2. In general, one hopes that a and. r will coincide, and that 5 will be small, but this happy state of affairs need not exist. 

Figure 5. Sketch of a work function-potential of zero charge plot. The line through the point of Hg has unit slope. The horizontal distance of Mi and M2 from the line measures AX in Eq. (28).

The horizontal distance (along the Eamo axis) of each metal point from the line of unit slope through Hg measure AX with respect to Hg, i.e. 

Figure 9.14 shows a typical approach force curve along with schematic drawings of the relative positions of the SPM tip and the sample surface, as related to the force curve. At the start of the experiment, i.e., position A on the right-hand side of the figure, the tip is above the surface of the sample. As it approaches the surface the Z value decreases until at position B the tip contacts the surface. With further downward movement of the piezo the cantilever starts to be deflected by the force imposed on it by the surface. If the surface is much stiffer than the cantilever, we get a straight line with a slope of — 1, i.e., for every 1 nm of Z travel we get 1 nm of deflection (Une BC in Figure 9.14). If the surface has stiffness similar to that of the cantilever, the tip wUl penetrate the surface and we get a nonlinear curve with a decreased slope (line BD in Figure 9.14). The horizontal distance between the curve BD and the line BC is equal to the penetration at any given cantilever deflection or force. The piezo continues downward until a preset cantilever deflection is reached, the so-called trigger. The piezo is then retracted a predetermined distance, beyond the point at which the tip separates from the sample.

Fig. 25.5 Graphical representation of a two-by-two assay response. X is the horizontal distance between the two lines. The antilog ofX gives the relative potency of the standard and test.

Since early 1990s, a series of satellites have been deployed which measure their distance from the surface of the earth from the return time of radar signals beamed to the earth s surface and reflected back to a receiver onboard the satellite. The vertical accuracy of these measurements is a few times 0.01m averaged over a horizontal distance of around 10 km. Although the primary purpose of these satellites is oceanographic, when derived elevations are averaged over sufficient time to eliminate the effects of tides and storms at ocean. 

The liquid throw is the horizontal distance travelled by the liquid stream flowing over the downcomer weir. It is only an important consideration in the design of multiple-pass plates. Bolles (1963) gives a method for estimating the liquid throw. 

Physical laws, theories, empirical relations, etc., are normally expressed by equations relating the significant variables and parameters. These equations usually contain a number of terms. For example, the relation between the vertical elevation (z) and the horizontal distance (x) at any time for a projectile fired from a gun can be expressed in the form... 

Some reduction of reflected overpressure results within a horizontal distance of about twice the barrier wall height. Beyond this distance, the effects of a barrier wail is virtually nil. Quantification of the pressure reduction is difficult and often times requires sophisticated computer modeling. Normally, it is more cost effective to upgrade the strength of the structure to be protected than it is to construct a barrier wall. This is especially true when the structure of interest does not have sufficient blast capacity in the roof to resist the blast load. 

Particle Type Particle Diameter (micron) or Source Sinking Rate Time to Settle through 4 km Water Depth Horizontal Distance (km) Traveled in Sinking 1000 m through a Current of Icm/s Reference... 

C030 Horizontal distance from suction nozzle face to CL nearest hold down bolt holes HIS HL N 13 mm... 

C034 Horizontal distance-CL discharge flange to CL hold down bolt hole HIS HR N 13 mm... 

C053 Horizontal distance-CL of pump to face of suction elbow of vertical pumps HIS VY N 13 mm... 

---