Histamine detection

Since strong emission was observed in histamine, detection with a multi-label counter was also tried. In this method, 0.125 mM TCPO, 2.5 jiM DNS-Phe and 50 mM H2O2 were used. Figure 3 shows the calibration curve of histamine. Good linearity was observed in the range of 50 fmol 50 pmol. Under the conditions, the linearity was not obtained at concentration higher than 50 pmol. The detection limit of histamine was approximate 10 fmol. The method will be further optimised in our laboratory and applied to real specimens. 

Ito, T., Hiroi, T., Amaya, T., Kaneko, S., Araki, M., Ohsawa, R., Yamamaura, A., and Matsumoto, K. (2009) Preliminary study of a microbeads based histamine detection for food analysis using thermostable recombinant histamine oxidase from Arthrobacter crystallopoietes KAIT-B-007. Talanta, 77, 1185-1190. 

Niculescu et al. (2000a) also reported an amperometric biosensor for histamine detection based on the amine oxidase enzyme. The biosensor was coupled to an EIA line operated at -1-200 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl/0.1 M KCl). 

Niculescu, M., I. Frebort, P. Pec, P. Galuszka, B. Mattiasson, and E. Csoregi. 2000a. Amine oxidase based amperometric biosensor for histamine detection. Electroanalysis 12 369-375. 

Histamine in the Blood. After its release, histamine diffuses rapidly into the blood stream and surrounding tissues (12). Histamine appears in blood within 2.5 min after its release, peaks at 5 min, and returns to baseline levels by 15 to 30 min. In humans, the diurnal mean of plasma histamine levels is 0.13 ng/g. In urine, elevations of histamine or metaboUtes are more prolonged than plasma elevations. Consequendy, abnormahties are more easily detected by urinary histamine assay. About one-half of the histamine in normal blood is in basophils, one-third in eosinophils, and one-seventh in neutrophils the remainder is distributed among all the other blood components. Increases in blood histamine levels occur in several pathological... 

Note The pre- and post-treatment of the chromatograms with the basic tri-ethylamine solution, which can be replaced by an alcoholic solution of sodium hydroxide [1,4] or a phosphate buffer solution pH = 8.0 (c = 0.2 mol/1) [5], serves to stabilize the fluorescence of the amino derivatives [2]. A final spraying with methanolic hydrochloric acid (chci = 5 mol/1) or 70% perchloric acid renders the detection reaction highly specific for histamine [4] and for catecholamines and indolamines [5]. 

Note o-Phthaldehyde in the presence of mercaptoethanol or cysteine has already been discussed as a reagent [4]. The present monograph describes the use of o-phthal-aldehyde in the presence of sulfuric add. There are, in addition, a number of applications, which have been described, employing o-phthalaldehyde without any additives e. g. for the detection of primary arylamines, histamine, histidine and histidylpeptides [5-71. 

If patients have experienced anaphylaxis, the identification of any possible elicitor is important to help avoid further episodes. With skin tests and specific IgE antibodies combined with history, a relevant allergy may be detected. Cellular tests monitoring basophil histamine release or basophil activation may be helpful in some patients who resist diagnosis by standard means [26,31]. 

The detection of reactions mediated by specific IgE to agents triggering anaphylaxis may be achieved by means of serological methods serum-specific IgE, or by means of cellular tests which determine the release of basophil mediators (leukotrienes and histamine) or by means of the analysis of basophil expression markers, a technique known as the basophil activation test (BAT). 

Takahashi H, B Kimura, M Yoshikawa, T Fuji (2003) Cloning and sequencing of the histidine decarboxylase genes of Gram-negative, histamine-producing bacteria and their application in detection and identification of these organisms in fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 2568-2579. 

The bioslurry treatment successfully removed several of the PhC to non-detectable levels after 26 days three histamine H2-receptor antagonists (ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine), two (1-blockers (atenolol, sotalol), one barbiturate (butalbital) and one antidiabetic compound (glibenclamide). The elimination of the sulfonamide antibiotics sulfapyridine (100%), sulfamethazine (91.0%) and... 

T.K. Lim, H. Ohta, and T. Matsunaga, Microfabricated on-chip-type electrochemical flow immunoassay system for the detection of histamine released in whole blood samples. Anal. Chem. 75, 3316-3321 (2003). 

IEC was applied to determine biogenic polyamines such as putrescine (4a), cadaverine (4b), tyramine (5), histamine (6), spermidine (38), agmatine (39) and tryptamine (40), contained in aqueous trichloroacetic extracts of leafy vegetables, such as cabbage and lettuce. A cation exchange column loaded with potassium ions and a special buffer were used. Spermidine (38) was the major amine detected in this group (7-15 Xg/g fresh weight)144. 

A study of fifty-five aliphatic, aromatic and heteroclyclic amines showed that twenty-eight of them could be detected in a FIA system at concentrations in the range of 1.0 x 10-10 to 4.0 x ] 0 6 M (SNR 3, 20 XL injection), without derivatization, by HPLC-CLD, taking profit of the chemiluminescence produced in the presence of aryl oxalate and sulforhodamine 101 (41). The method was applied to the determination of histamine (6) in fish146. See reaction 24 in Section IV.G. 

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