Hiroshima Notes

Culture School teacher Herbert Smith, the confessor of his youth they are heavy on us today, when the future, which has so many elements of high promise, is yet only a stone s throw from despair. To Haakon Chevalier, his friend at Berkeley in Depression days, Oppenheimer repeated that the circumstances are heavy with misgiving, and far, far more difficult than they should be, had we power to remake the world to be as we think it. Lawrence could muster only limited patience for Oppenheimer s remorse. He thought the atomic bomb a terrible swift sword that would end the war and might succeed in ending all wars. He also seems to have claimed it as his own. In one newspaper interview out of many published the day after Hiroshima, notes Stanislaw Ulam mischievously, E. O. Lawrence modestly admitted, according to the interviewer, that he more than anyone else was responsible for the atomic bomb. ... 

Oe, Kenzaburo. Hiroshima Notes. Ed. David L. Swain, trans. Toshi Yonezawa. Tokyo YMCA Piess, 1981. Originally published in Japan as Hiroshima Noto. 

The Doctor Tells You How Atomic Medicine Now Works Miracles for You," True Romance 61 (February 1956) 59-60. Walter D. Claus, ed., Radiation Biology and Medicine (Reading, MA Addison-Wesley, 1958), 3. Brown, "Scope and General Background," in Behrens, Atomic Medicine, 3. Kenzaburo Oe, Hiroshima Notes, trans. David L. Swain and Toshi Yonezawa (New York Marion Boyers, 1995). 

Komuro, M. Hiroshima, H. Kobayashi, K. Miyazaki, T. Ohyi, H. Preparation of diamond mold using electron beam lithography for application to nanoimprint lithography. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1 (Regular Papers Short Notes Review Papers) 2000, 39 (12B), 7070-7074. 

It is of note that this considerable reliance on laboratory animal data for risk assessment purposes for enviromnental chemicals is in sharp contrast to the situation with ionizing radiation. The cancer risk estimates for ionizing radiation (X rays and y rays) are based to a very great extent on human tumor data obtained from the Life Stage Study (LSS) of the atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan... 

Report of Student Casualties in Hiroshima by the First Tokyo Army Hospital, November 1945. A tabulation of students, the name and location of their schools, and their occupation at the instant of the detonation, compiled by teachers and parents, noted the following of 6,226 students documented in the report within 1.2 miles of the hypocenter, 4,825 perished. The original reports are in the Stafford Warren Papers, 987, Box 61, Folder 1, Special Collections Library,... 

The reminiscence of Hiroshima and Naysaid warns mankind to use nuclear energy exclusively for peaceful purposes. It is worthwhile to note the report of Prof Dr. Takashi Nagai who contributed the emergency rescue of the atomic homh victims at Nagasaki in October 1945 (Na 2000). 

Nakazawa, "The Keiji Nakazawa Interview," by Alan Gleason, Comics Journal 256 (October 2003) 38. "A Note from the Author," in Keiji Nakazawa, Barefoot Gen A Cartoon Story of Hiroshima, vol. 1, (San Francisco Last Gasp of San Francisco, 2004), viii-x. Nakazawa, "Keiji Nakazawa Interview," 46. 

The Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 resulted in the largest radiation exposure in recent history. The radioactive materials released contained high levels of radioactive iodine (particularly, with a half-life of 8 days), an element that accumulates in the thyroid gland as a component of thyroid hormone. Following the explosion, people were exposed to deadly radioactive materials estimated to be 100 times greater than that associated with the detonation of the atomic bomb over Hiroshima. In Belarus, thyroid cancer in children under 18 increased from an incidence of 0.03-0.05 cases per 100,000 (1986-1988 data) to more than 10 times that level (5-8 cases per 100,000) in the period 1993-2002. Increases in thyroid cancer also were noted in Ukraine, with rates going from 0.02 per 100,000 (1986-1988 data) to 5-10 times that level (1-2.2 per 100,000) over the period from 1993-2002 (Reiners et al., 2013). There is little doubt that Chernobyl radiation exposure caused thyroid cancer among children in the affected area. 

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