Chernobyl nuclear accident

Chemical reaction A process in which one or more substances, called reactants, are converted to product(s), 67. See also Reaction, nonmetals, 575q, 555-558 Chernobyl nuclear accident, 525-526 Chiral center Carbon atom bonded to four different groups, 600 Chiral drugs, 601 Chloride ores, 535-536 Chlorinated water, 556 Chlorine... 

Radiation is one of the most important known environmental stimuli of cancer development. This environmental factor becomes especially dangerous for humans living in the areas affected by irradiation from nuclear accidents. Earlier we found that the administration of a mixture of vitamin E and a-lipoic acid to children living in the area of Chernobyl nuclear accident significantly and synergistically suppressed leukocyte oxygen radical overproduction [211]. Thus a-lipoic acid and a-lipoic acid + vitamin E supplements may be of interest as antioxidant preventive agents for the treatment of radiation-induced cancer development. 

Radionuclide concentrations in biotic and abiotic materials from various geographic locales before or after the Chernobyl nuclear accident on April 26, 1986... 

Locales Before or After the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident on April 26,1986 (All concentrations are in Bq/kg fresh weight [FW],or dry weight [DW], unless noted otherwise.)... 

Look up the number of people killed in the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Look up the number of people killed in the United States in accidents involving drunken drivers in 1999. Look up the number of people who die in one year worldwide as a result of cigarette smoking. Comment on the relative risk of mortality from nuclear... 

United States in 1979 and the Chernobyl nuclear accident in Ukraine in 1986, shown in Figure 25-20, provide powerful examples of why controlling the reactor is critical. 

Nikiforov YE, Nikiforova MN, Gnepp DR, et al. Prevalence of mutations of ras and p53 in benign and malignant thyroid tumors from children exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Oncogene. 1996 13 687-693. 

Certain chemical disasters have prominent places in medical history. In 1976, a chemical reactor explosion in Seveso, Italy, released 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, which contaminated thousands of acres, killed 100,000 animals, and caused the evacuation of hundreds of people (Melius and Binder 1989). In 1984 in Bhopal, India, a carbamate pesticide plant released 30 tons of methyl isocyanate, causing more than 3,000 deaths and 50,000-300,000 injuries (Melius and Binder 1989). The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear accidents during the 1980s were the culmination of a string of eight nuclear accidents since 1952 (Melius and Binder 1989). Other chemical disasters severely affected local communities but did not generate widespread attention (De La Paz 1997 Withers 1988). 

As a result of being exposed to the radiation released during the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the dose of iodine-131 in a person s body is 7.4 mC (1 mC = 1 X 10 Ci). Use the relationship rate = kN to calculate the number of atoms of iodine-131 this radioactivity corresponds. (The half-life of 1-131 is 8.1 d.)... 

Van Middlesworth L and Handl J (1997) I in animal thyroids after the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Health Phys. 73(4) 647—650. 

Digital simulation of radioactive fallout across the northern hemisphere in the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Chernobyl is sited at the bottom right of the image. 

Zeolites also been used in ion-exchange products, both synthetic and natural, were used extensively in nuclear waste cleanup after the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear accidents. New appUcations emerged for zeolites powders in two potentially major areas, odor removal and as plastic additives. There have been several reports where environment... 

As a result of being exposed to the radiation released during the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the dose of... 

Mr. Kazakov discussed problems associated with contamination from the Chernobyl nuclear accident. The first problem is in characterising what portion of the contaminated material in the exclusion zone should be considered radioactive waste and how to deal with it remove it or possibly use materials for construction. Consideration of the extent to which contaminated materials should be removed, as radioactive waste, presents a problem as well. This is related to the second problem in properly characterising the total inventory of the radioactive waste. The waste is characterised at temporary locations of radioactive waste (TLPRW) and radioactive waste burial sites (RWBS). Although there is a great deal of documented information on the locations, volumes and activities, it is unclear whether to categorise the radioactive waste by specific activity, volume or presence of transuranic and fissionable elements in the radioactive waste. 

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