High temperature membrane technology

Another example of the high-temperature membrane technologies is a dual-phase membrane developed at Columbia University, which consists of solid oxide and molten carbonate. This membrane technology takes advantage of oxide and carbonate ionic transport. At the face of the membrane exposed to the high concentration of COz, carbonation dioxide... 

The membrane tubes must be sealed, possibly to each other and to the collector plate of the reactor vessel. The sealing has to be adherent and mechanically strong but also gas-tight and thermally resistant, up to temperatures of at least 700°C. These high demands make sealing one of the most important problems in current high temperature membrane technology. 

The greatest challenge for high temperature membrane technology is in fueii3,i4 and solaE cell applications. The general information may be found in the cited reviews - more details are presented in Sections 3.3 and 3.5, respectively. 

Commercial applications have been identified primarily in the electronics industry where requirements for dimensional stability, mechanical properties, and high temperature resistance make these systems attractive in advanced circuit board technology. Other commercial applications include high temperature membranes and filters where these materials offer performance improvements over glass, Kevlar, and graphite composites. Industrial development of these types of materials will most likely be dependent on monomer cost and advances in various product properties requirements. 

High temperature membranes, that can operate at temperatures above 100 °C, are desirable to promote heat rejection, speed up electrode reaction rates, and to improve tolerance to impurities. This is an active area of materials research. Unfortunately, space constraints preclude a detailed description of fuel cell technologies and the underlying issues. Instead, the reader is referred to excellent reviews and books that exist on this topic.45 47... 

Wainright, J.S., Litt, M.H., and Savinell, R.E., High-temperature membranes, in Handbook of Fuel Cells Eundamentals, Technology, and Applications, 1st ed., Vielstich, W., Lamm, A., and Gasteiger, H.A., Eds., John Wiley Sons, West Sussex, England, 2003, p. 436. 

Ilias and Govind(lO) have reviewed the development of high temperature membranes lor membrane reactor application. Hsieh(4) has summarized the technology in the area of important inorganic membranes, the thermal and mechanical stabilities of these membranes, selective permeabilities, catalyst impregnation, membrane/reaction considerations, reactor configuration, and reaction coupling. 

Abstract This article outlines some history of and recent progress in perfluorinated membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The structure, properties, synthesis, degradation problems, technology for high temperature membranes, reinforcement technology, and characterization methods of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes are reviewed. 

Various reviews on PFSA technology development have been published and detailed explanations of the individual items are available from those materials. In this chapter, the fundamentals of PFSA membranes, the requirements for advanced PEFCs, development trends for high temperature membranes, reinforcement technology, membranes for DMFC, and topics on analysis technology are reviewed. 

R. Staudt, Development of Polybenzimid-azole-based High-temperature Membrane and Electrode Assemblies for Stationary and Transportation Applications, DoE Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies, 2005, pp. 771-776. 

The concept of MRs was first introduced in the 1950s, although a real interest on the research and apphcation of MR technology was registered only with the development of innovative inorganic membrane materials and high-temperature membrane processes (Lin, 2001 Soria, 1995 Westermann Melin, 2009). Indeed, industrially... 

Wainwright JS, Litt MH, Savinell RF (2003) High-temperature membranes. In Vielstich W, Lamm A, Gasteiger HA (eds) Handbook of fuel cells - fundamentals, technology and applications, vol 3. Wiley, Chichester, pp 436-446... 

Hogarth M, Glipa X. High temperature membranes for solid polymer fuel cells. Report issued by Johnson Matthey Technology Centre to the ETSU on behalf of the Department of Trade and Industry as ETSU F/02/00189/REP DTI/Pub URN 01/893 2001. 

Pre-, Post-, and Oxy-combustion CO2 Capture High- versus Low-Temperature Membrane Technologies... 

---